School of Advanced Studies, University of Tyumen, 9 Marta Street 2k1, 625000 Tyumen, Russia.
J Integr Neurosci. 2021 Mar 30;20(1):173-184. doi: 10.31083/j.jin.2021.01.284.
γ-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABARs) are GABA gated heteropentameric chloride channels responsible for the adult brain's primary inhibition. In specific brain cells, such as in the hippocampus, one of the subtypes of GABARs, the δ subunit containing GABARs (δ-GABARs), is predominantly expressed and located in extrasynaptic or perisynaptic positions. δ-GABARs mediate a slow constant inhibitory current called tonic inhibition. While δ-GABARs and tonic inhibition is critical for the excitability of single neurons, accumulating data suggest that the function of δ-GABARs are broader and includes an integrative role in the network oscillations. While these open new horizons on the neurobiology of δ-GABARs, the complexity continues to challenge the analysis of GABARs and their subtypes. This review will summarize the current knowledge of molecular, cellular and physiological characteristics of δ-GABARs during health and disease.
γ-氨基丁酸 A 型受体 (GABARs) 是 GABA 门控的异五聚体氯离子通道，负责成人大脑的主要抑制作用。在特定的脑细胞中，如海马体中，GABARs 的一种亚型，即含有 δ 亚基的 GABARs (δ-GABARs)，主要表达并位于突触外或突触周位置。δ-GABARs 介导一种称为紧张性抑制的缓慢恒定抑制电流。虽然 δ-GABARs 和紧张性抑制对于单个神经元的兴奋性至关重要，但越来越多的证据表明，δ-GABARs 的功能更为广泛，包括在网络振荡中具有整合作用。尽管这些为 δ-GABARs 的神经生物学开辟了新的视野，但复杂性继续挑战 GABARs 及其亚型的分析。本综述将总结 δ-GABARs 在健康和疾病状态下的分子、细胞和生理特性的最新知识。
