Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
Demography. 2021 Jun 1;58(3):951-974. doi: 10.1215/00703370-9114715.
This paper examines how the timing of childhood exposure to armed conflict influences both the magnitude of the impact it has on later-life health and the pathways through which those impacts manifest. Utilizing the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe, we examine cohorts of children during World War II. We find that cohorts born during the war show the largest negative effects of exposure on health in later life. The pathways also vary the timing of exposure. Consistent with a latent critical period process, children born during the war experienced increased risk of poor health and illness in childhood, as well as adult cardiometabolic conditions and poor functional health. Conversely, cohorts born before the war experienced more indirect pathways consistent with cumulative disadvantage processes and institutional breakdown. These pathways include stunted socioeconomic attainment, increased risk behaviors, and poorer mental health. Overall, this study emphasizes that the timing of exposure is critical to understanding the long-term health effects of war.
本文探讨了儿童时期暴露于武装冲突的时间如何影响其对晚年健康的影响程度，以及这些影响表现出来的途径。利用欧洲健康与退休调查，我们考察了二战期间的儿童群体。我们发现，出生于战争期间的群体在晚年暴露于战争的负面影响最大。暴露时间的途径也不同。与潜在的关键期过程一致，出生于战争期间的儿童在儿童期和成年后更容易出现健康状况不佳和患病，以及心血管代谢状况不佳和功能健康状况不佳。相反，出生于战前的群体经历了更多与累积劣势过程和制度崩溃一致的间接途径。这些途径包括社会经济地位低下、风险行为增加和心理健康状况较差。总的来说，这项研究强调了暴露时间对于理解战争对健康的长期影响至关重要。
