Department of Philosophy 1, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Department of Philosophy, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
Med Health Care Philos. 2021 Sep;24(3):409-419. doi: 10.1007/s11019-021-10016-5. Epub 2021 Apr 9.
Biomedical innovations are making possible the enhancement of human capabilities. There are two philosophical stances on the role that medicine should play in this respect. On the one hand, naturalism rejects every medical intervention that goes beyond preventing and treating disease. On the other hand, welfarism advocates enhancements that foster subjective well-being. We will show that both positions have considerable shortcomings. Consequently, we will introduce a third characterization in which therapies and enhancements can be reconciled with the legitimate objectives of medicine inasmuch as they improve the capabilities that enable the freedom to pursue personal well-being.
生物医学创新正在使增强人类能力成为可能。在医学在这方面应该发挥的作用方面，存在两种哲学立场。一方面，自然主义拒绝一切超越预防和治疗疾病的医学干预。另一方面，福利主义提倡促进主观幸福感的增强。我们将表明，这两种立场都有相当大的缺点。因此，我们将引入第三种描述，在这种描述中，只要治疗和增强能够改善实现个人幸福的自由能力，它们就可以与医学的合法目标相协调。
