Manosso Luana M, Lin Jaime, Carlessi Anelise S, Recco Kelen C C, Quevedo João, Gonçalves Cinara L, Réus Gislaine Z
Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
Brain Res Bull. 2021 Jun;171:196-208. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.001. Epub 2021 Apr 7.
Sex differences are often observed in psychiatric patients, especially major depressive disorders (MDD), schizophrenia, and developmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The prevalence rates between males and females seem variate according to the clinical condition. Although the findings are still incipient, it is suggested that these differences can involve neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and physiological sex differences. In this context, the microbiota-gut-brain axis hypothesis arises to explain some aspects of the complex pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. The microbiota composition is host-specific and can change conforming to age, sex, diet, medication, exercise, and others. The communication between the brain and the gut is bidirectional and may impact the entire system homeostasis. Many pathways appear to be involved, including neuroanatomic communication, neuroendocrine pathways, immune system, bacteria-derived metabolites, hormones, neurotransmitters, and neurotrophic factors. Although the clinical and preclinical studies are sparse and not very consistent, they suggest that sex differences in the gut microbiota may play an essential role in some neuropsychiatric conditions. Thus, this narrative review has as a mainly aim to show the points sex-related patterns associated to the gut-microbiota-brain axis in the MDD, ASDs, and schizophrenia.
在精神科患者中，尤其是在重度抑郁症（MDD）、精神分裂症以及包括自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）在内的发育障碍患者中，常常观察到性别差异。男性和女性之间的患病率似乎因临床情况而异。尽管研究结果仍处于初步阶段，但有人认为这些差异可能涉及神经解剖学、神经化学和生理性别的差异。在这种背景下，微生物群-肠道-脑轴假说应运而生，以解释神经精神疾病复杂病理生理学的某些方面。微生物群组成具有宿主特异性，并可根据年龄、性别、饮食、药物治疗、运动等因素而发生变化。大脑与肠道之间的交流是双向的，可能会影响整个系统的稳态。似乎涉及许多途径，包括神经解剖学交流、神经内分泌途径、免疫系统、细菌衍生代谢物、激素、神经递质和神经营养因子。尽管临床和临床前研究较少且不太一致，但它们表明肠道微生物群中的性别差异可能在某些神经精神疾病中起重要作用。因此，本叙述性综述的主要目的是展示在重度抑郁症、自闭症谱系障碍和精神分裂症中与肠道微生物群-脑轴相关的性别模式要点。
