Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; National Clinic Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China.
Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China.
Microbiol Res. 2024 Oct;287:127858. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127858. Epub 2024 Jul 26.
Neurotransmitters, including 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutamate, are essential transductors in the Gut-Brain Axis (GBA), playing critical roles both peripherally and centrally. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota modulates intestinal neurotransmitter metabolism and gut-to-brain signaling, shedding light on the crucial role of the gut microbiota in brain function and the pathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric diseases, such as major depression disorder (MDD), anxiety, addiction and Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite the exciting findings, the mechanisms underlying the modulation of neurotransmitter metabolism and function by the gut microbiota are still being elucidated. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge about the role of the gut microbiota in neurotransmitter metabolism and function in animal and clinical experiments. Moreover, we will discuss the potential mechanisms through which gut microbiota-derived neurotransmitters contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases, thus highlighting a novel therapeutic target for these conditions.
神经递质，包括 5-羟色胺（5-HT）、多巴胺（DA）、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）和谷氨酸，是肠道-大脑轴（GBA）中的重要递质，在周围和中枢都发挥着关键作用。越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物群调节肠道神经递质代谢和肠-脑信号传递，这揭示了肠道微生物群在大脑功能和各种神经精神疾病（如重度抑郁症（MDD）、焦虑症、成瘾和帕金森病（PD））发病机制中的关键作用。尽管有令人兴奋的发现，但肠道微生物群调节神经递质代谢和功能的机制仍在阐明之中。在这篇综述中，我们旨在全面概述肠道微生物群在动物和临床实验中对神经递质代谢和功能的作用的现有知识。此外，我们将讨论肠道微生物群衍生的神经递质如何有助于神经精神疾病发病机制的潜在机制，从而突出这些疾病的一个新的治疗靶点。
