Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
J Adolesc. 2021 Apr;88:162-171. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.02.007. Epub 2021 Apr 7.
Gender and ethnic differences exist in suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt among adolescents in the U.S. However, limited research has used theoretically-informed approaches to integrate how cultural and classic risk factors together account for suicide-related pathways among vulnerable populations. Informed by the interpersonal theory of suicide, the present cross-sectional study examined gender differences in the association between a cultural (i.e., discrimination) and classic (i.e., depressive symptomatology) risk factor, and suicidality among youth of Latin American heritage.
A total of 390 Latinx adolescents (ages 13-18; 50% female) attending a high school in Southern California, U.S.A. completed a series of questionnaires that included measures of depressive symptoms, suicidality (including ideation, past attempts, and likelihood of future behavior), perceived discrimination, and demographics.
We found that discrimination was associated with increased suicidality among Latinx adolescents. The discrimination-suicidality association was stronger for girls versus boys, such that girls who experienced greater discrimination demonstrated the highest levels of suicidality. Although depression was also significantly associated with suicidality, the discrimination x gender interaction was found above and beyond the main effect of depressive symptomatology and covariates. Additional analyses revealed significant gender and moderation effects only for suicidal ideation and not for attempts.
These findings indicate that the relationship between discrimination and suicidality (particularly ideation) is more pronounced for Latinx girls than boys. This study also highlights the importance of drawing on theory-driven and culturally informed work that incorporates classic and cultural correlates of suicidality among diverse subpopulations.
在美国青少年中，性别和种族差异存在于自杀意念、计划和尝试方面。然而，有限的研究使用了理论上有依据的方法，将文化和经典风险因素结合起来，解释脆弱人群的自杀相关途径。本研究以自杀的人际理论为指导，考察了文化（即歧视）和经典（即抑郁症状）风险因素之间的关系在拉丁裔青少年自杀行为中的性别差异，该研究为横断面研究。
共有 390 名拉丁裔青少年（年龄 13-18 岁；50%为女性）参加了美国南加州一所高中的一系列问卷调查，其中包括抑郁症状、自杀意念（包括过去的尝试和未来行为的可能性）、感知歧视和人口统计学等测量指标。
我们发现歧视与拉丁裔青少年的自杀意念增加有关。歧视与自杀意念的关联在女孩中比男孩更强，即经历更多歧视的女孩表现出最高水平的自杀意念。尽管抑郁也与自杀意念显著相关，但歧视与性别之间的相互作用在抑郁症状和协变量的主要影响之外被发现。进一步的分析表明，只有在自杀意念方面存在显著的性别和调节作用，而在尝试方面则没有。
这些发现表明，歧视与自杀意念（特别是自杀意念）之间的关系在拉丁裔女孩中比男孩更为明显。这项研究还强调了理论驱动和文化上有依据的工作的重要性，这些工作纳入了不同亚人群中自杀的经典和文化相关性。
