Sáenz-Pardo-Reyes Erika, Housni Fátima Ezzahra, López-Espinoza Antonio, Martínez Moreno Alma Gabriela, Padilla Galindo Maria Del Rocio, Velázquez Saucedo Gabriela
Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición (IICAN). Universidad de Guadalajara.
Facultad de Enfermería y Nutriología. Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACH).
Nutr Hosp. 2021 Jun 10;38(3):631-644. doi: 10.20960/nh.03467.
Scientific evidence indicates that eating slowly reduces food and energy intake. However, few investigations have studied the effect of techniques and strategies that modify eating speed on intake. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between these techniques and food and/or energy intake. Therefore, a systematic review of 15 human studies and a meta-analysis of 7 studies with 11 experimental and 1 observational manipulations were carried out. Only the results of two conditions were included, "slow" vs. "fast" of eating speed and ingestion. The estimation of the effect was expressed in OR with a 95 % CI under a random effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed with I2. Publication bias was also assessed with a funnel plot and Egger's linear regression test. The results indicate that eating slowly is a protective factor (OR = 0.73) from excessive intake. Additionally, eating small bites with a small spoon (OR = 0.315), serving food preparations on separate plates (OR = 0.860 and OR = 0.831), using a vibrotactile feedback fork (OR = 0.847), and eating hard-textured foods (OR = 0.831) are the techniques and strategies that modify eating speed and decrease food or energy intake. The present study confirms the premise that eating slowly can reduce excessive food and energy intake.
科学证据表明，细嚼慢咽可减少食物和能量摄入。然而，很少有研究探讨改变进食速度的技巧和策略对摄入量的影响。本研究的目的是分析这些技巧与食物和/或能量摄入之间的关系。因此，对15项人体研究进行了系统综述，并对7项研究进行了荟萃分析，其中包括11项实验性和1项观察性操作。仅纳入了两种情况的结果，即进食速度和摄入量的“慢”与“快”。效应估计值以随机效应模型下的比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）表示，异质性用I²评估。还通过漏斗图和埃格线性回归检验评估发表偏倚。结果表明，细嚼慢咽是防止过量摄入的保护因素（OR = 0.73）。此外，用小勺小口进食（OR = 0.315）、将食物分盘盛放（OR = 0.860和OR = 0.831）、使用振动触觉反馈叉（OR = 0.847）以及食用质地硬的食物（OR = 0.831）是改变进食速度并减少食物或能量摄入的技巧和策略。本研究证实了细嚼慢咽可减少过量食物和能量摄入这一前提。
