Aoshima Megumi, Deguchi Kanako, Yamamoto-Wada Risako, Ushiroda Chihiro, Hiraiwa Eri, Yokoi Miyuki, Ono Chisato, Yoshida Mitsuyoshi, Iizuka Katsumi
Faculty of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.
Nutrients. 2025 Mar 10;17(6):962. doi: 10.3390/nu17060962.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Slow eating is recommended for obese individuals. We aimed to determine the associations between meal duration and various factors (sex, numbers of chews and bites, eating tempo (including forced rhythm with a metronome) and BMI).
Using a test meal (a quarter slice of pizza), we tested the sex difference of the meal duration, numbers of chews and bites, and eating tempo for thirty three healthy subjects (M: 15; F: 18) aged 37.2 ± 11.1 years via unpaired tests. Next, factors influencing meal duration were identified via multivariate analysis (adjusted for sex), with meal duration as the dependent variable.
The meal duration and numbers of chews and bites differed significantly between sexes (63.1 ± 20.7 vs. 87.4 ± 22.8, = 0.003; 80.3 ± 28.7 vs. 107.0 ± 36.1, = 0.02; 2.1 ± 1.1 vs. 4.5 ± 2.6, = 0.001, respectively), but the chewing tempo was similar ( = 0.32). Meal duration was associated with the number of chews (β = 0.6 [0.4, 0.7], < 0.001) and bites (5.8 [2.5, 9.2], = 0.001) but not with BMI ( = 0.52) or chewing tempo ( = 0.99). Finally, when a metronome was used to force rhythmic stimulation (0/40/80/160 bpm), compared with 0 bpm, slow stimulation (40 bpm) resulted in increased meal duration (mean difference [95% CI] = -47.0 [-66.4, -27.7], < 0.0001), chews (-28.6 [-44.5, 12.8], = 0.0003), and bites (-4.9 [-7.9, 1.9] = 0.001) and delayed tempo (10.4 [4.5, 16.3], = 0.0004).
Meal duration was positively associated with the numbers of chews and bites and negatively associated with chewing tempo. Thus, increasing the numbers of bites and chews and slowing the eating tempo may prolong meal duration.
背景/目的：建议肥胖个体细嚼慢咽。我们旨在确定进餐持续时间与各种因素（性别、咀嚼和咬合次数、进食节奏（包括使用节拍器的强制节奏）和体重指数）之间的关联。
我们使用一顿测试餐（四分之一片披萨），通过非配对检验，对33名年龄在37.2±11.1岁的健康受试者（男性15名；女性18名）的进餐持续时间、咀嚼和咬合次数以及进食节奏的性别差异进行了测试。接下来，以进餐持续时间为因变量，通过多变量分析（对性别进行校正）确定影响进餐持续时间的因素。
进餐持续时间以及咀嚼和咬合次数在性别之间存在显著差异（分别为63.1±20.7对87.4±22.8，P = 0.003；80.3±28.7对107.0±36.1，P = 0.02；2.1±1.1对4.5±2.6，P = 0.001），但咀嚼节奏相似（P = 0.32）。进餐持续时间与咀嚼次数（β = 0.6 [0.4, 0.7]，P < 0.001）和咬合次数（5.8 [2.5, 9.2]，P = 0.001）相关，但与体重指数（P = 0.52）或咀嚼节奏（P = 0.99）无关。最后，当使用节拍器进行有节奏刺激（0/40/80/160次/分钟）时，与0次/分钟相比，缓慢刺激（40次/分钟）导致进餐持续时间增加（平均差值[95%置信区间] = -47.0 [-66.4, -27.7]，P < 0.0001）、咀嚼次数增加（-28.6 [-44.5, 12.8]，P = 0.0003）、咬合次数增加（-4.9 [-7.9, 1.9]，P = 0.001）以及节奏延迟（10.4 [4.5, 16.3]，P = 0.0004）。
进餐持续时间与咀嚼和咬合次数呈正相关，与咀嚼节奏呈负相关。因此，增加咬合和咀嚼次数并减慢进食节奏可能会延长进餐持续时间。
