Khan Neelam, Park Sang H, Kadima Lorraine, Bourdeau Carlove, Calina Evelyn, Edmunds Charles Warren, Pursell David P
School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, 1000 University Center Lane, Lawrenceville, Georgia 30043, United States.
PerkinElmer, 1695 John's Creek Parkway, Suite 150, John's Creek, Georgia 30097, United States.
ACS Omega. 2021 Mar 25;6(13):9204-9212. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00556. eCollection 2021 Apr 6.
As part of local sustainability efforts, biodiesel was synthesized via transesterification using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) without further washing from on-campus, dining facility waste cooking oil and grease. Before moving forward with repurposing used DES as a solvent in chemistry teaching labs, we determined the suitability of the biodiesel as an alternative fuel blended with diesel to power campus utility vehicles. Biodiesel components were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H NMR), viscometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and evolved gas analysis during pyrolysis with a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with FTIR (TGA-FTIR). The four major components of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in the biodiesel were methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, methyl palmitate, and methyl stearate. Kinematic viscosity over typical temperature ranges was within optimal values recommended by the American Biodiesel Standard (ASTM D6751), with a 30:70 biodiesel/diesel blend experimental viscosity of 3.43 cSt at 40 °C and a calculated viscosity of 10.13 cSt at 0 °C. The pure biodiesel's cold-temperature onset of crystal formation is -10.1 °C versus -16.4 °C for a 30:70 biodiesel/diesel blend. Pyrolysis indicates good thermal stability, however, with an increased CO evolution in the blended fuel at higher temperatures as compared to that in the pure biodiesel and the pure diesel. Combustion gas analysis indicates virtually complete combustion of the blended fuel to CO and HO with only trace amounts of CO. Overall results indicate that the biodiesel synthesized using DES is a suitable fuel for campus utility vehicles in the local moderate temperature climate and affords increased local sustainability by using used DES repurposed in our chemistry teaching labs.
作为当地可持续发展努力的一部分，使用深共熔溶剂（DES）通过酯交换反应合成生物柴油，原料为校内餐饮设施的废弃食用油和油脂，无需进一步洗涤。在将用过的DES重新用作化学教学实验室的溶剂之前，我们确定了该生物柴油作为与柴油混合的替代燃料为校园多功能车提供动力的适用性。通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC - MS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）、核磁共振光谱仪（H NMR）、粘度计、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）以及热重分析仪与FTIR联用（TGA - FTIR）在热解过程中进行逸出气体分析，对生物柴油成分进行了表征。生物柴油中脂肪酸甲酯（FAMEs）的四种主要成分是油酸甲酯、亚油酸甲酯、棕榈酸甲酯和硬脂酸甲酯。在典型温度范围内的运动粘度在美国生物柴油标准（ASTM D6751）推荐的最佳值范围内，30:70生物柴油/柴油混合物在40°C时的实验粘度为3.43 cSt，在0°C时的计算粘度为10.13 cSt。纯生物柴油的低温结晶起始温度为 - 10.1°C，而30:70生物柴油/柴油混合物为 - 16.4°C。热解表明其具有良好的热稳定性，然而，与纯生物柴油和纯柴油相比，混合燃料在较高温度下的CO逸出量增加。燃烧气体分析表明混合燃料几乎完全燃烧生成CO和H₂O，只有微量的CO。总体结果表明，使用DES合成的生物柴油在当地温和的温度气候下是校园多功能车的合适燃料，并且通过在我们的化学教学实验室中重新利用用过的DES提高了当地的可持续性。
