Williams Callon M, Shaw Michael T, Mastroleo Nadine R, Zale Emily L
Department of Psychology, Harpur College of Arts & Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
Alcohol Alcohol. 2022 Jan 8;57(1):74-84. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agab022.
To review differences in alcohol- and cannabis-related motives and consequences among National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes as a function of athlete characteristics (e.g. gender and competition season status).
Procedures followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, PsycINFO and manual reference list review were used to identify studies that reported alcohol- or cannabis-related motives and consequences among NCAA athletes as a function of gender, race, season status, division level or sport-type through December 2019. Relevant findings and any reported psychosocial correlates were extracted by two independent reviewers.
The majority of studies (K = 15) focused on alcohol-related motives or consequences, with one examining cannabis-related motives, and no studies examined cannabis-related consequences. Social drinking motives were strongest among men and White NCAA athletes, and athlete-specific motives were most salient for men and in-season athletes. Cannabis use motives for positive reinforcement (e.g. enhancement) and coping were also strongest during the in-season. Negative alcohol-related consequences were greatest among men, athletes of color and out-of-season athletes, although women and in-season athletes experienced more consequences in athletic performance. Our exploratory aim revealed two studies that examined psychosocial correlates, and the results indicate that sensation-seeking, stress and negative affect were associated with more alcohol-related consequences.
NCAA athletes are a heterogenous population, and their motives and consequences of use appear to vary across multiple athlete factors (e.g., gender). This review highlights the gaps in the literature and suggests future research directions to identify the risk and protective factors for substance use among NCAA athletes.
探讨美国国家大学生体育协会（NCAA）运动员中与酒精和大麻相关的动机及后果因运动员特征（如性别和比赛赛季状态）而异的情况。
研究程序遵循系统评价与荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南。通过检索PubMed、PsycINFO并查阅参考文献列表，以识别截至2019年12月报告NCAA运动员中与酒精或大麻相关的动机及后果因性别、种族、赛季状态、分区级别或运动类型而异的研究。两名独立评审员提取了相关研究结果以及任何报告的心理社会相关因素。
大多数研究（K = 15）聚焦于与酒精相关的动机或后果，仅有一项研究考察了与大麻相关的动机，没有研究考察与大麻相关的后果。社交饮酒动机在男性和白人NCAA运动员中最为强烈，特定于运动员的动机在男性和赛季中的运动员中最为显著。积极强化（如增强）和应对的大麻使用动机在赛季中也最为强烈。与酒精相关的负面后果在男性、有色人种运动员和非赛季运动员中最为严重，尽管女性和赛季中的运动员在运动表现方面经历了更多后果。我们的探索性目标发现了两项考察心理社会相关因素的研究，结果表明寻求刺激、压力和负面情绪与更多与酒精相关的后果有关。
NCAA运动员是一个异质群体，他们使用物质的动机和后果似乎因多种运动员因素（如性别）而异。本综述突出了文献中的空白，并提出了未来的研究方向，以确定NCAA运动员物质使用的风险和保护因素。
