Marconi Gabriel Roberto, Osser Brigitte, Osser Gyongyi, Miuța Caius Calin, Toth Csongor, Ardelean Viorel Petru, Dicu Anca, Toderescu Corina Dalia, Bondar Laura Ioana
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, 310130 Arad, Romania.
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
Sports (Basel). 2025 Jan 9;13(1):16. doi: 10.3390/sports13010016.
Football players require optimal nutrition and physical fitness to enhance their performance and maintain their health. Understanding the relationships among nutritional knowledge, dietary habits, physical health, and substance use in athletes is essential for developing effective strategies. This study investigates these factors in male football players aged 16-33 years.
The study involved 60 male football players from three teams in Liga4Arad. A mixed-methods approach was used, incorporating a self-developed pilot questionnaire and internationally validated instruments. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Guttman's λ2. The questionnaire assessed nutritional knowledge, eating habits, substance use, and physical health parameters, including body fat percentage and training frequency. Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the data and explore the interrelationships between these factors. It is important to note that the pilot questionnaire used in this study was self-developed and not previously validated in this specific context.
Nutritional knowledge was positively correlated with healthier eating habits ( = 0.675, < 0.001). Intensive training and higher physical activity levels were both associated with improved body composition and lower body fat ( = 0.341, = 0.006). Supplement use was moderately correlated with alcohol consumption ( = 0.548, < 0.001) and weakly correlated with smoking ( = 0.348, = 0.007).
The study highlights a strong relationship between nutritional knowledge and healthier eating habits among football players, as well as the significant role of frequent intense training in reducing body fat percentages and enhancing physical fitness. Additionally, the findings suggest a moderate association between dietary supplement use and alcohol consumption, underscoring the need for tailored interventions to address substance use and its impact on players' health behaviors and performance.
足球运动员需要最佳的营养和身体素质来提升表现并保持健康。了解运动员的营养知识、饮食习惯、身体健康和物质使用之间的关系对于制定有效策略至关重要。本研究调查了16 - 33岁男性足球运动员的这些因素。
该研究涉及来自阿拉德甲级联赛四支球队中的60名男性足球运动员。采用了混合方法，纳入了自行编制的初步问卷和经过国际验证的工具。使用古特曼的λ2系数确认问卷的信度。问卷评估了营养知识、饮食习惯、物质使用和身体健康参数，包括体脂百分比和训练频率。使用斯皮尔曼相关性分析数据并探索这些因素之间的相互关系。需要注意的是，本研究中使用的初步问卷是自行编制的，此前未在该特定背景下进行验证。
营养知识与更健康的饮食习惯呈正相关（r = 0.675，p < 0.001）。高强度训练和较高的身体活动水平均与改善身体成分和降低体脂相关（r = 0.341，p = 0.006）。补充剂的使用与酒精消费呈中度相关（r = 0.548，p < 0.001），与吸烟呈弱相关（r = 0.348，p = 0.007）。
该研究强调了足球运动员营养知识与更健康饮食习惯之间的紧密关系，以及频繁高强度训练在降低体脂百分比和增强身体素质方面的重要作用。此外，研究结果表明膳食补充剂的使用与酒精消费之间存在中度关联，强调需要采取针对性干预措施来解决物质使用及其对运动员健康行为和表现的影响。
