Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
USDA-ARS-Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2021 Aug 12;50(4):919-928. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvab031.
Understanding host use by psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) benefits from comparative studies of behavior on host and nonhost plant species. While most psyllid species develop on one or a few closely related plant species, some species are generalized enough to develop on species across plant families. We used electropenetography (EPG) technology to compare probing activities of an oligophagous psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc)) and a host-specialized psyllid (Bactericera maculipennis) on two species of Solanaceae (potato, Solanum tuberosum L. and matrimony vine, Lycium barbarum L.) and two species of Convolvulaceae (field bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis L. and sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas). Bactericera cockerelli develops on all four species, albeit with longer development times on Convolvulaceae. Bactericera maculipennis develops only on Convolvulaceae. Bactericera cockerelli fed readily from phloem of all four species, but the likelihood of entering phloem and duration of time in phloem was reduced on suboptimal hosts (Convolvulaceae) relative to behavior on Solanaceae. We observed instances of cycling between bouts of phloem salivation and ingestion in assays of optimal (Solanaceae) hosts not observed on Convolvulaceae. The Convolvulaceae-specialized B. maculipennis (Crawford) failed to feed from phloem of nonhosts (Solanaceae). Both psyllid species readily ingested from xylem of all plant species, irrespective of host status. Our finding that phloem feeding by B. maculipennis did not occur on potato has implications for understanding epidemiology of phloem-limited psyllid-vectored plant pathogens. Our results also showed that EPG assays detect subtle variation in probing activities that assist in understanding host use by psyllids.
了解叶蝉（半翅目：叶蝉科）对宿主的利用情况得益于对宿主和非宿主植物物种行为的比较研究。虽然大多数叶蝉物种仅在一到几种密切相关的植物物种上发育，但有些物种的适应性很强，可以在跨越植物科的物种上发育。我们使用电穿透图（EPG）技术比较了一种寡食性叶蝉（Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc)）和一种专食性叶蝉（Bactericera maculipennis）在两种茄科植物（马铃薯，Solanum tuberosum L. 和枸杞，Lycium barbarum L.）和两种旋花科植物（田旋花，Convolvulus arvensis L. 和番薯，Ipomoea batatas）上的探测活动。Bactericera cockerelli 在所有四种植物上均有发育，尽管在旋花科植物上的发育时间较长。Bactericera maculipennis 仅在旋花科植物上发育。Bactericera cockerelli 很容易从所有四种植物的韧皮部中取食，但在非最佳宿主（旋花科植物）上，进入韧皮部的可能性和在韧皮部中的时间长度相对于在茄科植物上的行为都会降低。我们观察到在最优（茄科植物）宿主的测定中，叶蝉在韧皮部中周期性地进行取食和取食之间的循环，而在旋花科植物上则没有观察到这种情况。专食旋花科植物的 B. maculipennis (Crawford) 无法从非宿主（茄科植物）的韧皮部中取食。两种叶蝉物种都很容易从所有植物物种的木质部中取食，而与宿主状态无关。我们发现 B. maculipennis 不在马铃薯上取食韧皮部，这对理解韧皮部限制的叶蝉媒介植物病原体的流行病学有影响。我们的结果还表明，EPG 测定可以检测到探测活动中的细微变化，这有助于理解叶蝉对宿主的利用。
