Parra-Soto Solange, Petermann-Rocha Fanny, Martínez-Sanguinetti María Adela, Leiva-Ordeñez Ana María, Troncoso-Pantoja Claudia, Ulloa Natalia, Diaz-Martínez Ximena, Celis-Morales Carlos
Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
Rev Med Chil. 2020 Oct;148(10):1489-1495. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872020001001489.
Cancer is a chronic non-communicable disease associated with a high mortality burden. The prevalence of cancer is increasing rapidly worldwide. However, this scenario will be worse in low and middle-income countries such as Chile, where 70% of cancer deaths occur. The aim of this review was to assess the epidemiological scenario of cancer and its projection for the Chilean population. In Chile, 53,365 new cases of cancer were diagnosed in 2018, led by prostate, colorectal, breast, stomach, lung and gallbladder cancer. From 1986 to 2016, cancer increased by 109%. When we reviewed mortality by sex, stomach and prostate cancer were responsible for more than 30% of cancer deaths among men. However, for women the first three places were occupied by breast, colorectal and lung cancer, as in the rest of the world. Considering that 40% of cancers are related to unhealthy lifestyles, working on the prevention of modifiable risk factors represents an opportunity for the creation of public health policies that allow changes at the environmental and individual level.
癌症是一种与高死亡负担相关的慢性非传染性疾病。全球癌症患病率正在迅速上升。然而，在智利等低收入和中等收入国家，这种情况将更糟，在这些国家，70%的癌症死亡发生。本综述的目的是评估智利人群癌症的流行病学情况及其预测。2018年，智利有53365例新癌症病例被诊断出来，其中前列腺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、胃癌、肺癌和胆囊癌居前。从1986年到2016年，癌症增加了109%。当我们按性别审查死亡率时，胃癌和前列腺癌占男性癌症死亡的30%以上。然而，对于女性来说，前三位是乳腺癌、结直肠癌和肺癌，与世界其他地区一样。考虑到40%的癌症与不健康的生活方式有关，致力于预防可改变的风险因素为制定公共卫生政策提供了机会，这些政策可以在环境和个人层面带来改变。
