29 至 70 日龄鹅仔不同钠氯饮食水平对其生产性能、血液参数和排泄物质量的影响。
The effect of different dietary levels of sodium and chloride on performance, blood parameters and excreta quality in goslings at 29 to 70 days of age.
机构信息
Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Jiangsu Lihua Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Changzhou, China.
出版信息
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2022 Jan;106(1):98-109. doi: 10.1111/jpn.13541. Epub 2021 Apr 12.
The purpose of this study was to ascertain the appropriate levels of dietary sodium (Na ) and chloride (Cl ) for 29- to 70-day-old goslings and to investigate the effects of different levels of Na and Cl on the growth performance, water consumption, blood parameters and excreta quality of goslings to provide a reference for the healthy production of goslings. In Experiment 1, a total of 432 29-day-old male Jiangnan White goslings were randomly allotted to nine treatments according to a 3 × 3 factorial design, with six pens containing eight birds per treatment. The goslings were fed diets with three concentrations of Na (0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20%) and three concentrations of Cl (0.15%, 0.20% and 0.25%). The experimental period was 42 days. In Experiment 2, a total of 24 70-day-old Jiangnan White goslings were selected for four treatments (0.10% Na × 0.15% Cl ; 0.10% Na × 0.25% Cl ; 0.20% Na × 0.15% Cl and 0.20% Na × 0.25% Cl ) and housed separately in metabolic cages. The faeces were collected for 3 consecutive days. In Experiment 1, the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed/gain (F/G) ratio of goslings were unaffected by the treatments. However, low levels of Na and Cl significantly reduced the water consumption of goslings in the later growth period (p < 0.05). The average water consumption of goslings fed with 0.10% Na × 0.15% Cl was significantly lower than that of the goslings fed with 0.20% Na × 0.25% Cl (56 days, 1304.2 ml vs. 1471.7 ml; 63 days, 1452.8 ml vs. 1610.8 ml; 70 days, 1540.0 ml vs. 1775.4 ml; p < 0.05). The interaction between Na and Cl (Na × Cl ) had a significant impact on the blood haemoglobin (HGB) and haematocrit (HCT) levels in the goslings (p < 0.05). HGB increased linearly with increasing levels of Na . HGB and HCT first increased and then decreased with increasing levels of Cl . In Experiment 2, Na and Cl levels had significant effects on the excreta moisture content (p < 0.05). Goslings fed with 0.10% Na × 0.15% Cl had a low moisture content of 5.58% compared to the goslings fed with 0.20% Na × 0.25% Cl (87.51% vs. 93.09%; p < 0.05). The levels of dietary Na had a significant effect on the retention ratio of Na (p < 0.05), with the value for the 0.20% Na group being significantly higher than that for the 0.10% Na group (p < 0.05). In summary, different levels of Na and Cl did not affect the growth of goslings. To reduce the water consumption and moisture content of excreta, the Na and Cl levels in the diet can be as low as 0.10% and 0.15%, respectively.
本研究旨在确定 29-70 日龄鹅的适宜饲粮钠（Na ）和氯（Cl ）水平，并研究不同水平的 Na 和 Cl 对鹅生长性能、水耗、血液参数和排泄物质量的影响，为鹅的健康生产提供参考。试验 1 ，选用 432 只 29 日龄雄性江南白鹅，采用 3×3 因子设计，每个处理 6 个重复，每个重复 8 只鹅。鹅饲粮 Na 水平设 0.10%、0.15%和 0.20%，Cl 水平设 0.15%、0.20%和 0.25%，试验期 42 d。试验 2 ，选用 24 只 70 日龄江南白鹅，设 4 个处理（0.10% Na ×0.15% Cl ；0.10% Na ×0.25% Cl ；0.20% Na ×0.15% Cl 和 0.20% Na ×0.25% Cl ），单独饲养于代谢笼内，连续收集 3 天粪便。试验 1 ，饲粮 Na 和 Cl 水平对鹅的平均日采食量（ADFI）、平均日增重（ADG）和料重比（F/G）无显著影响，但低水平的 Na 和 Cl 显著降低了鹅后期的水耗（p<0.05）。饲粮中 Na 水平为 0.10%、Cl 水平为 0.15%的鹅的平均日饮水量显著低于 Na 水平为 0.20%、Cl 水平为 0.25%的鹅（56 日龄，1304.2 ml vs. 1471.7 ml；63 日龄，1452.8 ml vs. 1610.8 ml；70 日龄，1540.0 ml vs. 1775.4 ml；p<0.05）。Na 和 Cl 的互作（Na ×Cl ）对鹅的血液血红蛋白（HGB）和红细胞压积（HCT）水平有显著影响（p<0.05）。HGB 随 Na 水平的升高呈线性增加。HGB 和 HCT 随 Cl 水平的升高先增加后降低。试验 2 ，Na 和 Cl 水平对排泄物水分含量有显著影响（p<0.05）。饲粮中 Na 水平为 0.10%、Cl 水平为 0.15%的鹅的排泄物水分含量为 5.58%，显著低于饲粮中 Na 水平为 0.20%、Cl 水平为 0.25%的鹅（87.51% vs. 93.09%；p<0.05）。饲粮中 Na 水平对 Na 保留率有显著影响（p<0.05），0.20% Na 组的 Na 保留率显著高于 0.10% Na 组（p<0.05）。综上所述，不同水平的 Na 和 Cl 对鹅的生长性能无显著影响。为降低鹅的水耗和排泄物水分含量，饲粮中 Na 和 Cl 的适宜水平分别为 0.10%和 0.15%。
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