Chen Yuanjing, Wang Zhiyue, Yang Haiming
College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Feb 19;13(4):751. doi: 10.3390/ani13040751.
This study evaluated the slaughter performance, digestive tract development and tibia mineralization effects of sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) on geese. Four hundred and thirty-four male geese at 29 days were randomly assigned into nine groups with six replicates (eight in each). The experiment employed a 3 × 3 factorial design, with two instances each of three Na levels (0.10%, 0.15%, and 0.20%) and three Cl levels (0.15%, 0.20%, and 0.25%). All experimental birds were husbanded for 42 days. Dietary Na and Cl levels and their interactions (Na ×Cl) had no significant effect on the slaughter, breast, thigh, abdominal fat yield, and digestive tract index of geese ( > 0.05). However, dietary Na and Cl level significantly affected the crypt depth of the jejunum and tibial development. Variations in Na and Cl levels had a significant interaction on the crypt depth of jejunal ( < 0.05), 0.20% Na × 0.25% Cl had a minor crypt depth. Dietary variations in Na and Cl significantly affected the tibial strength, and there was a significant interaction between them ( < 0.05). When Na and Cl were at their maximum (0.20% Na and 0.25% Cl), the strength of the tibia was the lowest. In addition, a single factor (Na or Cl) had no effect ( > 0.05), but its interaction significantly affected the calcium (Ca) content of bone ( < 0.05). When the Na and Cl levels were 0.15% and 0.15%, respectively, the Ca content in bone was the highest. These results suggest that dietary Na and Cl had interactive effects on geese, especially in the development of the tibia. High dietary Na and Cl levels adversely influenced the tibia and intestinal crypt morphology. Therefore, we do not advocate supplementing too much Na or Cl in the diet. Combined with our previous results, for 29-70-day-old geese, it is recommended that dietary Na and Cl levels should be 0.10% and 0.15%, respectively.
本研究评估了钠（Na）和氯（Cl）对鹅的屠宰性能、消化道发育及胫骨矿化的影响。将29日龄的434只雄性鹅随机分为9组，每组6个重复（每组8只）。试验采用3×3析因设计，有3个钠水平（0.10%、0.15%和0.20%）和3个氯水平（0.15%、0.20%和0.25%），各有2个实例。所有试验鹅饲养42天。日粮钠和氯水平及其交互作用（Na×Cl）对鹅的屠宰、胸肌、腿肌、腹脂产量及消化道指数均无显著影响（P＞0.05）。然而，日粮钠和氯水平显著影响空肠隐窝深度及胫骨发育。钠和氯水平的变化对空肠隐窝深度有显著交互作用（P＜0.05），0.20% Na×0.25% Cl组隐窝深度最小。日粮钠和氯的变化显著影响胫骨强度，且二者之间存在显著交互作用（P＜0.05）。当钠和氯均处于最高水平（0.20% Na和0.25% Cl）时，胫骨强度最低。此外，单一因素（钠或氯）无影响（P＞0.05），但其交互作用显著影响骨骼钙（Ca）含量（P＜0.05）。当钠和氯水平分别为0.15%和0.15%时，骨骼钙含量最高。这些结果表明，日粮钠和氯对鹅有交互作用，尤其是在胫骨发育方面。高日粮钠和氯水平对胫骨和肠道隐窝形态有不利影响。因此，我们不主张在日粮中添加过多的钠或氯。结合我们之前的结果，对于29至70日龄的鹅，建议日粮钠和氯水平分别为0.10%和0.15%。
