Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA; email:
Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; email:
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2021 Jun 17;72:185-216. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-080620-031054. Epub 2021 Apr 13.
Tremendous chemical diversity is the hallmark of plants and is supported by highly complex biochemical machinery. Plant metabolic enzymes originated and were transferred from eukaryotic and prokaryotic ancestors and further diversified by the unprecedented rates of gene duplication and functionalization experienced in land plants. Unlike microbes, which have frequent horizontal gene transfer events and multiple inputs of energy and organic carbon, land plants predominantly rely on organic carbon generated from CO and have experienced very few, if any, gene transfers during their recent evolutionary history. As such, plant metabolic networks have evolved in a stepwise manner and on existing networks under various evolutionary constraints. This review aims to take a broader view of plant metabolic evolution and lay a framework to further explore evolutionary mechanisms of the complex metabolic network. Understanding the underlying metabolic and genetic constraints is also an empirical prerequisite for rational engineering and redesigning of plant metabolic pathways.
植物的特点是具有巨大的化学多样性，并得到高度复杂的生化机制的支持。植物代谢酶起源于真核生物和原核生物的祖先，并通过在陆生植物中经历的前所未有的基因复制和功能多样化的速度进一步多样化。与微生物不同，微生物经常发生水平基因转移事件，并输入多种能量和有机碳，陆生植物主要依赖于 CO 产生的有机碳，并且在其最近的进化历史中几乎没有发生任何基因转移。因此，植物代谢网络是在各种进化限制下，在现有网络的基础上逐步进化的。本综述旨在更全面地探讨植物代谢进化，并为进一步探索复杂代谢网络的进化机制奠定框架。了解潜在的代谢和遗传限制也是合理工程设计和重新设计植物代谢途径的经验前提。
