Huffington Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Huffington Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Dev Biol. 2021 Aug;476:218-239. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.04.001. Epub 2021 Apr 10.
Synapses in the outer retina are the first information relay points in vision. Here, photoreceptors form synapses onto two types of interneurons, bipolar cells and horizontal cells. Because outer retina synapses are particularly large and highly ordered, they have been a useful system for the discovery of mechanisms underlying synapse specificity and maintenance. Understanding these processes is critical to efforts aimed at restoring visual function through repairing or replacing neurons and promoting their connectivity. We review outer retina neuron synapse architecture, neural migration modes, and the cellular and molecular pathways that play key roles in the development and maintenance of these connections. We further discuss how these mechanisms may impact connectivity in the retina.
外视网膜中的突触是视觉的第一个信息传递点。在这里,光感受器形成突触与两种类型的中间神经元,双极细胞和水平细胞。由于外视网膜突触特别大且高度有序,因此它们一直是发现突触特异性和维持机制的有用系统。了解这些过程对于通过修复或替换神经元并促进其连接来恢复视觉功能的努力至关重要。我们回顾了外视网膜神经元突触结构、神经迁移模式以及在这些连接的发育和维持中起关键作用的细胞和分子途径。我们还进一步讨论了这些机制如何影响视网膜中的连接。