University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.
UCSD Health Sciences Center, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Psychiatry Res. 2021 Jun;300:113924. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113924. Epub 2021 Apr 4.
Disability is common in bipolar disorder (BD) and predicted by persistent sadness. We used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine daily activities in people with BD and schizophrenia. We classified activities as productive, unproductive, or passive recreation, relating them to momentary sadness, location, and social context.
71 people with BD and 102 people with schizophrenia were sampled 3 times/day for 30 days with an EMA survey. Each survey asked where they were, with whom, what they were doing, and if they were sad.
People with BD were home more than 50% of the time. There were no differences in prevalence of activity types across diagnoses. People with BD were less likely to report only one activity since the prior survey, but the most surveys still reported only one. For both groups, sadness and being home and alone since the last survey was associated with less productive activity and more passive recreation.
Participants with BD and schizophrenia manifested high levels of unproductive and passive activities, predicted by momentary sadness. These activity patterns are consistent with descriptions of avolition and they minimally differentiated people with BD and schizophrenia. Previous reports of negative symptoms in BD may have been identifying these behaviors.
双相情感障碍（BD）中残疾较为常见，且由持续悲伤所预测。我们使用生态瞬时评估（EMA）来研究 BD 和精神分裂症患者的日常活动。我们将活动分类为生产性、非生产性或被动娱乐活动，并将其与即时悲伤、地点和社会环境联系起来。
71 名 BD 患者和 102 名精神分裂症患者每天进行 3 次、持续 30 天的 EMA 调查。每次调查都询问他们在哪里、和谁在一起、在做什么以及是否悲伤。
BD 患者有超过 50%的时间都在家。两种诊断的活动类型的患病率没有差异。BD 患者报告上次调查后只有一项活动的可能性较小，但大多数调查仍只报告一项活动。对于这两组患者，上次调查后感到悲伤和独自在家都与生产性活动减少和被动娱乐增加有关。
BD 和精神分裂症患者表现出高度的非生产性和被动活动，这由即时悲伤所预测。这些活动模式与动力缺乏的描述一致，且最小程度地区分了 BD 和精神分裂症患者。BD 中的阴性症状可能之前就已经在识别这些行为。
