Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
Semin Thromb Hemost. 2021 Apr;47(3):283-294. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1725068. Epub 2021 Apr 1.
Heparan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan present in nearly all mammalian tissues. Heparan sulfate moieties are attached to the cell surface via heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) which are composed of a protein core bound to multiple heparan sulfate chains. HSPGs contribute to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix and participate in cell signaling by releasing bound cytokines and chemokines once cleaved by an enzyme, heparanase. HSPGs are often exploited by viruses during infection, particularly during attachment and egress. Loss or inhibition of HSPGs initially during infection can yield significant decreases in viral entry and infectivity. In this review, we provide an overview of HSPGs in the lifecycle of multiple viruses, including herpesviruses, human immunodeficiency virus, dengue virus, human papillomavirus, and coronaviruses.
硫酸乙酰肝素是一种存在于几乎所有哺乳动物组织中的糖胺聚糖。硫酸乙酰肝素通过硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖 (HSPGs) 与细胞表面结合，HSPGs 由与多个硫酸乙酰肝素链结合的蛋白核心组成。HSPGs 有助于细胞外基质的结构完整性，并通过被一种酶，即肝素酶切割后释放结合的细胞因子和趋化因子来参与细胞信号转导。HSPGs 在感染过程中经常被病毒利用，特别是在附着和逸出时。在感染初期，HSPGs 的缺失或抑制会导致病毒进入和感染性显著降低。在这篇综述中，我们概述了 HSPGs 在多种病毒生命周期中的作用，包括疱疹病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒、登革热病毒、人乳头瘤病毒和冠状病毒。
