Department of Neurosurgery and Turku Brain Injury Centre, Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Heart Centre and Center for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Neuroepidemiology. 2021;55(3):216-223. doi: 10.1159/000515395. Epub 2021 Apr 14.
There is minimal existing available information on nationwide seasonal peaks in traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). This lack of information is an impediment to the effective development of prevention programs, societal policies, and hinders the resourcing of medical emergency services. Our current aim is to study nationwide population-based high-risk periods TBI over a 15-year study period in Finland.
Nationwide databases were searched for all admissions with a TBI diagnosis and later for deaths of persons ≥16 years of age during 2004-2018. The search included all hospitals that provide acute TBI care in Finland.
The study period included 69,231 TBI-related hospital admissions (men = 62%). We found that for men, the highest rate of TBIs occurred on Saturdays, whereas women experience the highest rate of TBIs on Mondays. The highest rate of TBIs in men occurred in July, while women experienced the highest rate of TBIs in January. TBI-related hospital admissions (incidence risk ratio [IRR] 1.090, 95% CI 1.07-1.11, p < 0.0001) and mortality within 30 days after TBI (hazard ratio [HR] 1.057, 95% CI 1.001-1.116, p = 0.0455) were more common on public holidays and weekends than on weekdays. There was an increasing trend in the proportion of TBI-related hospital admissions occurring on public holidays and weekends from 2004 (31.5%) to 2018 (33.4%) (p = 0.0007). In summer months, TBI-related hospital admissions (IRR 1.10, 95% CI 1.08-1.12, p < 0.0001) and 30-day mortality (HR 1.069, 95% CI 1.010-1.131, p = 0.0211) were more common than in other months. TBIs occurred more often in younger and healthier individuals on these index days and times. In terms of specific public holidays, the TBI risk was overall higher on New Year's Eves and Days (IRR 1.40, 95% CI 1.25-1.58, p < 0.0001) and Midsummer's Eves and Days (IRR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.54, p < 0.0001), compared to nonworking days. This finding was significant in both genders.
TBI-related hospital admissions and mortality were more common on public holidays, weekends, and in summer months in Finland. People who sustained TBIs on these days were on average younger and healthier. The occurrence of TBIs on public holidays and weekends is increasing at an alarming rate.
关于创伤性脑损伤（TBI）在全国范围内的季节性高峰，目前几乎没有可用的信息。这种信息的缺乏是有效制定预防计划、社会政策的障碍，并阻碍了医疗急救服务的资源配置。我们目前的目标是在芬兰研究全国范围内基于人群的高危时期 TBI，研究时间为 15 年。
在 2004 年至 2018 年期间，全国范围内的数据库被搜索用于所有 TBI 诊断的住院治疗和随后≥16 岁人群的死亡。搜索包括芬兰所有提供急性 TBI 护理的医院。
研究期间包括 69231 例与 TBI 相关的住院治疗（男性=62%）。我们发现，对于男性来说，TBI 发生率最高的是星期六，而女性则是星期一。男性 TBI 发生率最高的是 7 月，而女性则是 1 月。与 TBI 相关的住院治疗（发病率风险比 [IRR] 1.090，95%CI 1.07-1.11，p<0.0001）和 30 天内 TBI 死亡率（风险比 [HR] 1.057，95%CI 1.001-1.116，p=0.0455）在公共假日和周末比在工作日更常见。与 TBI 相关的住院治疗（IRR 1.10，95%CI 1.08-1.12，p<0.0001）和 30 天死亡率（HR 1.069，95%CI 1.010-1.131，p=0.0211）在夏季月份也比其他月份更为常见。在这些指数日和时间，TBI 发生在年龄较小和更健康的个体中更为常见。就特定的公共假日而言，与非工作日相比，新年除夕和新年（IRR 1.40，95%CI 1.25-1.58，p<0.0001）和仲夏夜（IRR 1.36，95%CI 1.20-1.54，p<0.0001）的 TBI 风险总体更高。这一发现在男女两性中均具有统计学意义。
在芬兰，与 TBI 相关的住院治疗和死亡率在公共假日、周末和夏季更为常见。在这些日子里遭受 TBI 的人平均年龄更小，身体更健康。TBI 在公共假日和周末的发生频率呈惊人的上升趋势。
