The School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
The Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 14;11(1):8130. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87341-5.
Ocean-atmosphere climatic interactions, such as those resulting from El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are known to influence sea level, sea surface temperature, air temperature, and rainfall in the western Pacific region, through to the north-west Australian Ningaloo coast. Mangroves are ecologically important refuges for biodiversity and a rich store of blue carbon. Locations such as the study site (Mangrove Bay, a World Heritage Site within Ningaloo Marine Park and Cape Range National Park) are at the aridity range-limit which means trees are small in stature, forests small in area, and are potentially susceptible to climate variability such as ENSO that brings lower sea level and higher temperature. Here we explore the relationship between mangrove dieback, and canopy condition with climatic variables and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI)-a measure of ENSO intensity, through remote sensing classification of Landsat satellite missions across a 29 year period at a north-west Australian site. We find that the SOI, and seasonal mean minimum temperature are strongly correlated to mangrove green canopy (as indicator of live canopy) area. This understanding of climate variations and mangrove temporal heterogeneity (patterns of abundance and condition) highlights the sensitivity and dynamics of this mangrove forest and recommends further research in other arid and semi-arid tropical regions at mangrove range-limits to ascertain the extent of this relationship.
海洋-大气气候相互作用，如厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）的影响，已知会影响到西太平洋地区的海平面、海面温度、气温和降雨量，一直到澳大利亚西北部的宁格鲁海岸。红树林是生物多样性的生态重要避难所，也是丰富的蓝碳储存库。像研究地点（曼古湾，宁格鲁海洋公园和卡佩尔山脉国家公园内的世界遗产地）这样的地方处于干旱范围的极限，这意味着树木矮小，森林面积小，并且容易受到气候变化的影响，如 ENSO 会导致海平面降低和温度升高。在这里，我们通过在澳大利亚西北部的一个地点，利用陆地卫星任务的遥感分类，在 29 年的时间内，研究了红树林衰退和冠层状况与气候变量和南方涛动指数（SOI）——ENSO 强度的衡量标准之间的关系。我们发现，SOI 和季节性平均最低温度与红树林绿叶冠层（作为活冠层的指标）面积密切相关。这种对气候变化和红树林时间异质性（丰度和状况模式）的理解突出了这片红树林的敏感性和动态性，并建议在其他干旱和半干旱热带地区的红树林范围极限进行进一步研究，以确定这种关系的程度。
