Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Curr Alzheimer Res. 2021;18(2):125-135. doi: 10.2174/1567205018666210414112723.
Weight loss is a common phenomenon among the elderly and is identified as an important indicator of health status. Many epidemiology studies have investigated the association between weight loss and dementia, but the results were inconsistent.
To examine and determine the association between weight loss and the risk of dementia.
Eligible cohort studies involving weight loss and dementia were searched from PubMed, Embase, and Ovid databases through October 2018. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the effects of weight loss on the risk of dementia. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. The Begg's test and Egger's test were used to assess the publication bias.
A total of 20 cohort studies with 38,141 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Weight loss was significantly associated with the risk of dementia (RR=1.26, 95% CI=1.15-1.38). BMI decline ≥0.8 units (RR=1.31, 95% CI=1.10-1.56) and ≥4% (RR=1.19, 95% CI=1.03-1.38) could increase the risk of dementia. The risk of all-cause dementia for people with weight loss increased by 31% (RR=1.31, 95% CI=1.15-1.49), and 25% higher for incident Alzheimer's disease (RR=1.25, 95% CI=1.07-1.46). Weight loss in participants with normal weight had a similar dementia risk (RR=1.21, 95% CI=1.06-1.38) with the overweight individuals (RR=1.22, 95% CI=1.11-1.34).
Weight loss may be associated with an increased risk of dementia, especially for Alzheimer's disease. Maintaining weight stability may help prevent dementia.
体重减轻在老年人中很常见，被认为是健康状况的重要指标。许多流行病学研究已经调查了体重减轻与痴呆之间的关系，但结果并不一致。
研究并确定体重减轻与痴呆风险之间的关联。
从 PubMed、Embase 和 Ovid 数据库中检索到 2018 年 10 月之前的涉及体重减轻和痴呆的合格队列研究。使用合并的相对风险（RR）及其 95％置信区间（CI）来估计体重减轻对痴呆风险的影响。进行亚组和敏感性分析以探讨潜在的异质性来源。使用 Begg 检验和 Egger 检验评估发表偏倚。
共有 20 项队列研究，38141 名参与者纳入了这项荟萃分析。体重减轻与痴呆风险显著相关（RR=1.26，95％CI=1.15-1.38）。体重指数（BMI）下降≥0.8 单位（RR=1.31，95％CI=1.10-1.56）和≥4％（RR=1.19，95％CI=1.03-1.38）会增加痴呆风险。体重减轻的人患所有原因痴呆的风险增加了 31％（RR=1.31，95％CI=1.15-1.49），而新发阿尔茨海默病的风险增加了 25％（RR=1.25，95％CI=1.07-1.46）。体重正常的参与者的痴呆风险与超重的参与者相似（RR=1.21，95％CI=1.06-1.38）（RR=1.22，95％CI=1.11-1.34）。
体重减轻可能与痴呆风险增加有关，尤其是与阿尔茨海默病有关。保持体重稳定可能有助于预防痴呆。
