Jörg Pont, retired from the Medical University Vienna, Austria, is a consultant for prison health care. Stefan Enggist is with the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Bern, Switzerland. Heino Stöver is with the University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Work, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Stéphanie Baggio, Laurent Gétaz, and Hans Wolff are with the Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Am J Public Health. 2021 Jun;111(6):1081-1085. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306170. Epub 2021 Apr 15.
This article considers health and human rights implications for people deprived of liberty during the COVID-19 crisis. The health risks of incarceration for individual and community health, particularly in overcrowded and underresourced prisons and detention centers, are well known, but with the COVID-19 pandemic have become a public health emergency.Physical distancing in prisons is hardly manageable, and protective means are poor or lacking. Emergency releases have been shown to be feasible in terms of public safety but lack sustainability in reducing the number of people living in detention, and, globally, only a small proportion of them have been released. Without controlling the infection inside prisons, global efforts to tackle the spread of the disease may fail. People living in detention are not only more vulnerable to infection with COVID-19 but they are also especially vulnerable to human rights violations induced by inappropriate restrictions under the pretext of infection control. Therefore, alternatives for detention should be promoted and the number of incarcerated people radically decreased.This article calls on policymakers and all professionals involved in public health and criminal justice not to waste the opportunities provided by the crisis but to act now.
本文考虑了在 COVID-19 危机期间被剥夺自由的人所面临的健康和人权问题。监禁对个人和社区健康的健康风险,特别是在过度拥挤和资源匮乏的监狱和拘留中心,是众所周知的,但随着 COVID-19 大流行,这些风险已经成为公共卫生紧急事件。监狱内的身体距离几乎无法管理,防护手段也很差或缺乏。紧急释放已经证明在公共安全方面是可行的,但在减少被拘留者人数方面缺乏可持续性,而且,在全球范围内,只有一小部分人被释放。如果不能控制监狱内的感染,全球应对疾病传播的努力可能会失败。被拘留者不仅更容易感染 COVID-19,而且他们也特别容易受到以感染控制为借口的不适当限制所引发的侵犯人权行为的影响。因此,应提倡替代拘留的办法,并大幅度减少被监禁者的人数。本文呼吁政策制定者和所有参与公共卫生和刑事司法的专业人员不要浪费危机带来的机会,而应立即采取行动。