Role of gene polymorphisms with community acquired pneumonia in North Indian children: a case-control study.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of death in children under five years of age globally. Currently, the vitamin D receptor () gene is an emerging factor that regulates inflammatory pathways that may alter the response to infections and possibly modify the outcome of CAP. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of gene polymorphisms with CAP in children aged 2-59 months. Hospitalized children aged (2-59 months) with WHO-defined CAP were included as cases after parental consent. Age-matched healthy controls were recruited from the immunization clinic of the hospital within one week of the recruitment of the case. Children with a clinical diagnosis of cystic fibrosis and congenital heart disease were excluded. Four gene polymorphisms, were genotyped by using PCR-RFLP. From Oct-2016 to Oct-2019, 160 cases (34.37% females) and 160 controls (47.5% females) were recruited. Mean age of the cases was 26.30±23.10 months and controls 25.93±15.99 months. In (rs2228570 polymorphism, heterozygous genotype (CT) [OR=2.06, 95% CI=1.25-3.39, =0.00] and mutant allele (T) [OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.06-2.00, =0.02] were found to be associated with the risk of CAP. In gene, polymorphism predisposes to CAP in Indian children.