Abdel-Latef Gihan K, Mohammed Asmaa N
Department of Hygiene, Zoonoses and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
J Adv Vet Anim Res. 2021 Mar 6;8(1):105-115. doi: 10.5455/javar.2021.h492. eCollection 2021 Mar.
This work aimed to detect the frequency of pathogenic bacteria of zoonotic importance in ducks' dropping, their surrounding environment, and farmworkers in contact with them. Furthermore, the susceptibility pattern of isolated bacteria to antimicrobial drugs and the efficiency of disinfectants (CID 20, Durak plus, and hydrogen peroxide (HO), nano zinc oxide (ZnO NPs), and hydrogen peroxide loaded nano zinc oxide (HO/ZnO NPs) composites against isolated bacteria were evaluated.
A total of samples were collected from duck pens, including 35 fecal droppings, 200 environmental samples, and 36 from the hands of pen workers for isolation and identification of bacterial strains using standard microbiological procedures. After that, the antibiotic sensitivity testing of 40 bacterial isolates was carried out using disk diffusion assay. ZnO NPs and HO/ZnO NPs were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectrum and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The efficacy of disinfectants and nanocomposites was evaluated against enteropathogenic bacteria using the broth macro-dilution method.
The results showed that the overall prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in duck pens was 62.73. The highest isolation rate was detected in duck fecal droppings (100%), while was found to be the most isolated pathogen (56.47%), followed by (21.8%), (15.29), and species (6.47%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in the majority of bacterial isolates. The efficiency of CID 20 and Durak plus disinfectants against all bacterial isolates was highly susceptible (100%) after 120 min of exposure time compared to the effectiveness of HO on enteropathogenic bacteria which did not exceeded 60% at 5% concentration. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of spp. to Durak plus did not exceeded 80%.
The duck fecal droppings are the primary source of bacterial isolates. MDR isolates were susceptible to both CID 20 and Durak plus disinfectants after 120 min of exposure time at a concentration of 1:100 ml. Besides, HO/ZnO NPs composite proved its lethal effect against all testing strains at 0.02 mg/ml after 120 min of exposure. Strict biosecurity guidelines are required to mitigate and prevent the transmission of potentially zoonotic pathogens through the farm environment and/or duck droppings.
本研究旨在检测鸭粪便、其周围环境以及与之接触的农场工人中具有人畜共患病重要性的病原菌频率。此外，还评估了分离出的细菌对抗菌药物的敏感性模式以及消毒剂（CID 20、Durak plus和过氧化氢（HO）、纳米氧化锌（ZnO NPs）以及负载过氧化氢的纳米氧化锌（HO/ZnO NPs）复合材料对分离细菌的效果。
从鸭舍共采集了样本，包括35份粪便、200份环境样本以及36份鸭舍工人手部样本，采用标准微生物学程序进行细菌菌株的分离和鉴定。之后，使用纸片扩散法对40株细菌分离株进行抗生素敏感性测试。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱和高分辨率透射电子显微镜对ZnO NPs和HO/ZnO NPs进行表征。采用肉汤宏观稀释法评估消毒剂和纳米复合材料对肠道病原菌的效果。
结果显示鸭舍中病原菌的总体患病率为62.73%。鸭粪便中的分离率最高（100%），而大肠杆菌被发现是分离最多的病原体（56.47%），其次是金黄色葡萄球菌（21.8%）、沙门氏菌（15.29%）和芽孢杆菌属（6.47%）。大多数细菌分离株检测到多重耐药（MDR）。与5%浓度的HO对肠道病原菌的有效性（不超过60%）相比，CID 20和Durak plus消毒剂在暴露120分钟后对所有细菌分离株的有效性均为高度敏感（100%）。同时，金黄色葡萄球菌对Durak plus的敏感性不超过80%。
鸭粪便为细菌分离株的主要来源。在浓度为1:100 ml且暴露120分钟后，多重耐药分离株对CID 20和Durak plus消毒剂均敏感。此外，HO/ZnO NPs复合材料在暴露120分钟后，以0.02 mg/ml的浓度对所有测试菌株均显示出致死作用。需要严格的生物安全指南来减轻和预防潜在人畜共患病原体通过农场环境和/或鸭粪便传播。
