Giddings Glynis
Institute of Biological Sciences, Cledwyn Building, The University of Wales Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DD, UK.
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New Phytol. 1998 Oct;140(2):173-184. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00278.x.
This review considers the reasons for, and research governing, the regulation and monitoring of genetically engineered micro-organisms and viruses (GEMs) released into the environment. The hazards associated with releasing GEMs into the environment are the creation and evolution of new pests and diseases, and damage to the ecosystem and non target species. The similarities and differences between GEMs and conventional micro-organisms are discussed in relation to risk assessment. Other issues covered include the persistence of micro-organisms in the environment, transgene dispersal to non-engineered microbes and other organisms, the effects of transgenes and transformation on fitness, and the evolution of pests and pathogens that are given or acquire transgenes. Areas requiring further research are identified and recommendations for risk assessment made. CONTENTS Summary 173 I. Introduction 173 II. A comparison of genetically engineered micro-organisms and viruses and conventional micro-organisms 174 III. Persistence in the environment 175 IV. Transfer of transgenes to other species 176 V. The evolution of genetically engineered micro-organisms and viruses and natural micro-organisms acquiring transgenes 178 VI. Damage to non-target species and ecosystem function 178 VII. Influences on the evolution of other organisms 179 VIII. Conclusions and discussion 180 References 181.
本综述探讨了向环境中释放基因工程微生物和病毒（GEMs）的调控与监测的依据及相关研究。向环境中释放GEMs所带来的危害包括新害虫和疾病的产生与演化，以及对生态系统和非目标物种的损害。本文讨论了GEMs与传统微生物在风险评估方面的异同。涵盖的其他问题包括微生物在环境中的持久性、转基因向非工程微生物和其他生物的扩散、转基因和转化对适应性的影响，以及获得或赋予转基因的害虫和病原体的演化。确定了需要进一步研究的领域并提出了风险评估建议。目录摘要173 一、引言173 二、基因工程微生物和病毒与传统微生物的比较174 三、在环境中的持久性175 四、转基因向其他物种的转移176 五、基因工程微生物和病毒以及获得转基因的天然微生物的演化178 六、对非目标物种和生态系统功能的损害178 七、对其他生物演化的影响179 八、结论与讨论180 参考文献181
