Can an increased copper requirement in copper-tolerant Mimulus guttatus explain the cost of tolerance?: I. Vegetative growth.

If metal tolerant plants, by virtue of their tolerance mechanism, are less efficient at the uptake, distribution or utilization of metals then essential micronutrient deficiency may occur at the low levels of metal supply found on non-mine soils. This argument forms the basis of the metal requirement hypothesis put forward to explain the lower fitness of tolerant individuals on uncontaminated soil, the so called'cost of tolerance'. In this paper, copper balance was investigated in Mimulus guttatus Fischer ex. DC (the yellow monkey flower) for plants with or without the major tolerance gene which confers primary tolerance, and plants with few or many modifier genes which control degree of tolerance. No conclusive evidence to support an increased copper requirement in plants with the major tolerance gene, and/or many modifier genes was shown. Any differences in copper requirement found during vegetative growth were small, and were deemed insufficient to explain the apparent cost of tolerance.