Department of Neurobiology, Systems Neuroscience Center, and Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA; email:
Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS, and Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France.
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2021 Jul 8;44:425-447. doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050216. Epub 2021 Apr 16.
What changes in neural architecture account for the emergence and expansion of dexterity in primates? Dexterity, or skill in performing motor tasks, depends on the ability to generate highly fractionated patterns of muscle activity. It also involves the spatiotemporal coordination of activity in proximal and distal muscles across multiple joints. Many motor skills require the generation of complex movement sequences that are only acquired and refined through extensive practice. Improvements in dexterity have enabled primates to manufacture and use tools and humans to engage in skilled motor behaviors such as typing, dance, musical performance, and sports. Our analysis leads to the following synthesis: The neural substrate that endows primates with their enhanced motor capabilities is due, in part, to () major organizational changes in the primary motor cortex and () the proliferation of output pathways from other areas of the cerebral cortex, especially from the motor areas on the medial wall of the hemisphere.
是什么改变了神经结构，使得灵长类动物的灵巧性得以出现和扩展？灵巧性，或者说执行运动任务的技能，取决于产生高度分散的肌肉活动模式的能力。它还涉及在多个关节中近端和远端肌肉的活动的时空协调。许多运动技能需要产生复杂的运动序列，而这些序列只有通过大量的练习才能获得和完善。灵巧性的提高使灵长类动物能够制造和使用工具，使人类能够从事熟练的运动行为，如打字、舞蹈、音乐表演和运动。我们的分析得出以下综合结论：赋予灵长类动物增强的运动能力的神经基质部分归因于（）初级运动皮层的主要组织变化，以及（）来自大脑皮层其他区域的输出途径的增殖，特别是来自大脑半球内侧壁的运动区域。
