Department of Ecology and Biological Resources, Lishui University, LS, 323000, China.
Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
J Therm Biol. 2021 Apr;97:102866. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102866. Epub 2021 Feb 4.
Organisms with complex ecologies and life-cycle processes may shift physiologically (acclimation in tolerance), developmentally, and/or behaviorally (thermoregulation) in response to changes in climate. As such, climate change may trigger multiple, interacting phenotypic responses, which underscores the nuances of characterizing a species capacity to adapt and respond to climate change. In this study, we use a model frog species, Bufo gargarizans, to examine how three phenotypes, thermal tolerance limits (critical thermal minimum, CT and critical thermal maximum, CT), ontogeny, and behavioral preferences in temperature (T) respond to different levels of thermal exposure (i.e., acclimation ranging from 10 °C to 30 °C). Acclimation temperature had little effect on T of tadpoles, yet behaviorally they showed strong signs of thermal selection towards an optimum. Both CT and CT increased with acclimation temperature with an approximate 10% increase in tolerance limits per 1 °C increase in exposure. Development and body size both responded to acclimation temperature, both of which also influenced lower but not upper thermal limits. Our study highlights the idiosyncrasies of estimating climate vulnerability, where multiple phenotypes can respond to shifts in temperature-a complexity that is especially apparent in species with complex life-cycles.
具有复杂生态和生命周期过程的生物可能会对气候变化做出生理上的（耐受驯化）、发育上的和/或行为上的（体温调节）变化。因此，气候变化可能会引发多种相互作用的表型反应，这凸显了描述物种适应和应对气候变化能力的细微差别。在这项研究中，我们使用一种模型蛙类，即黑斑侧褶蛙，来研究三种表型（热耐受极限，CT 和 CT 最大，CT）、个体发育和对温度的行为偏好（即从 10°C 到 30°C 的适应范围）如何对不同水平的热暴露做出反应。适应温度对蝌蚪的 T 影响不大，但它们在行为上表现出对最佳温度的强烈选择迹象。CT 和 CT 都随着适应温度的升高而升高，每升高 1°C，耐受极限大约增加 10%。发育和体型都对适应温度做出了反应，两者都影响较低但不影响较高的热极限。我们的研究强调了估计气候脆弱性的特殊性，其中多种表型可以对温度变化做出反应，这种复杂性在具有复杂生命周期的物种中尤为明显。
