State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China.
Neuroscience. 2021 Jul 1;466:186-195. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.03.036. Epub 2021 Apr 15.
Research in both bottom-up and top-down attention has shown that behavioural performance is related to brain oscillations at the time of stimulus presentation: the angle of the theta phase in bottom-up attention and the inhibition of alpha oscillations in top-down attention. However, whether the conditions most favourable for bottom-up attention change with the addition of top-down cues is unclear. To explore the characteristics of favourable oscillations during bottom-up processing, in experiment 1, 36 participants completed a selective attention task (visual search) without cues. Then, in experiment 2, we examined whether favourable oscillatory characteristics were changed by top-down attentional cues; in this experiment, 62 subjects were asked to perform an attention network task. We found that without anticipation, oscillatory states that were associated with better performance were characterized by lower theta power in the frontal area, higher alpha power in the occipital area, higher beta power in the frontal area, and weaker gamma-theta amplitude-envelope coupling in the parietal area. However, some characteristics that were associated with better performance, including theta power and low beta power, were changed after the addition of different cues. In addition, there were some new characteristics related to improved performance under temporal and spatial anticipation. These results suggest that top-down attention implements a more energy-efficient strategy to process information, optimizing the process of bottom-up attention.
在自下而上和自上而下的注意力研究中都表明，行为表现与刺激呈现时的脑振荡有关：自下而上注意力中的θ相位角和自上而下注意力中α振荡的抑制。然而，最有利于自下而上注意力的条件是否会随着自上而下提示的增加而改变尚不清楚。为了探索自下而上处理过程中有利振荡的特征，在实验 1 中，36 名参与者在没有提示的情况下完成了选择性注意任务（视觉搜索）。然后，在实验 2 中，我们研究了自上而下注意提示是否改变了有利的振荡特征；在这个实验中，62 名受试者被要求执行注意网络任务。我们发现，在没有预期的情况下，与更好表现相关的振荡状态的特征是额区θ功率较低，枕区α功率较高，额区β功率较高，顶区γ-θ幅度包络耦合较弱。然而，一些与更好表现相关的特征，包括θ功率和低β功率，在添加不同提示后发生了变化。此外，在时间和空间预期下，还有一些与性能提高相关的新特征。这些结果表明，自上而下的注意力实施了一种更节能的策略来处理信息，优化了自下而上的注意力过程。
