College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
Chemosphere. 2021 Sep;279:130542. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130542. Epub 2021 Apr 10.
As a biologically inspired insecticide, pyrethroids (PYRs) exert evident toxic side effects on non-target organisms. PYRs and their general toxic intermediate 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) have shown high detection rates/levels in human beings recently, for which diet was identified as the major exposure route. Microbial mineralization has emerged as a versatile strategy in addressing such escalating concern. Herein, PYRs and 3-PBA biodegradation with regards to strain safety, application and surfactant were summarized. Numerous PYRs-degrading microbes have been reported yet with a minority focused on 3-PBA. Most isolates were from contaminated sites while several microbial food cultures (MFCs) have been investigated. MFCs such as Bacillus spp. and Aspergillus spp. that dominate in PYRs-degrading microbial pools are applicable candidates for agricultural by-products detoxification during the postharvest process. Subsequently, we discussed committed degradation steps, wherein hydrolase responsible for PYRs ester linkage cleavage and oxygenase for 3-PBA diphenyl ether bond rupture play vital roles. Finally, comprehensive information of the key enzyme genes is outlined along with methodologies concerning gene cloning. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP) is competent for diphenyl ether scission. Newly-developed omics has become a feasible gene and enzyme mining technology. To achieve PYRs mineralization in feed and food commodities, the screening of MFCs rich in related enzymes and the construction of MFCs-derived genetically modified microbes (GMMs) exhibit great potential considering the safety issues.
作为一种具有生物启发的杀虫剂，拟除虫菊酯（PYRs）对非靶标生物表现出明显的毒性副作用。最近，在人类中发现了拟除虫菊酯及其常见的有毒中间产物 3-苯氧基苯甲酸（3-PBA）的高检出率/水平，饮食被确定为主要的暴露途径。微生物矿化已成为解决这一问题的一种通用策略。在此，就菌株安全性、应用和表面活性剂等方面总结了拟除虫菊酯和 3-PBA 的生物降解情况。已经报道了许多能够降解拟除虫菊酯的微生物，但只有少数关注 3-PBA。大多数分离株来自污染地点，而有几个微生物食品培养物（MFCs）也得到了研究。MFCs 如芽孢杆菌属和曲霉属等在拟除虫菊酯降解微生物群落中占主导地位，是农业副产物在收获后过程中解毒的适用候选物。随后，我们讨论了确定的降解步骤，其中负责拟除虫菊酯酯键断裂的水解酶和 3-PBA 二苯醚键断裂的加氧酶起着至关重要的作用。最后，概述了关键酶基因的综合信息以及基因克隆的方法。细胞色素 P450 单加氧酶（CYP）能够裂解二苯醚。新开发的组学已成为一种可行的基因和酶挖掘技术。为了在饲料和食品中实现拟除虫菊酯的矿化，考虑到安全问题，筛选富含相关酶的 MFCs 和构建源自 MFCs 的基因修饰微生物（GMMs）具有很大的潜力。
