Primary lymphoma of the entire esophagus diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA).

Primary esophageal lymphoma is extremely rare, with fewer than 30 cases reported in the literature. Presentation is nonspecific with multiple radiological and endoscopic appearances, posing its diagnosis a challenge. We report a case of a primary esophageal lymphoma diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle aspiration in a 68-year-old woman referred to our hospital for evaluation of a submucosal tumor spreading all over the esophageal wall. We describe its clinical and imaging features and stand out the importance of having a specific preoperatory diagnosis in order to avoid a major surgery.