Krüppel-Like Factor 15 Modulates Signaling-Mediated Inflammatory Response Contributing to Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Remodeling.

Inflammation is involved in cardiac remodeling. In response to pathological stimuli, activated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) secreting inflammatory cytokines and chemokines play an important role in monocyte/macrophage recruitment. However, the precise mechanism of CF-mediated inflammatory response in hypertension-induced cardiac remodeling remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) in this process. We found that KLF15 expression decreased while chemokine and its receptor expression increased in the hearts of angiotensin II (Ang II)-infused mice. Compared to the wild-type mice, KLF15 knockout (KO) mice aggravated Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Deficiency of KLF15 promoted macrophage accumulation, increase of and expression, and mTOR, ERK1/2, NF-κB-p65 signaling activation in the hearts. Mechanistically, Ang II dose- dependently decreased KLF15 expression and increased secretion from cardiac fibroblasts but not cardiac myoblasts. Loss- or gain-of-function studies have shown that KLF15 negatively regulated expression through its transactivation domain (TAD). Intriguingly, the adenovirus-mediated full length of KLF15-but not KLF15 with TAD deletion overexpression-markedly prevented pathological change in Ang II-infused mice. Notably, the administration of inhibitor SB265610 reversed KLF15 knockout-mediated aggravation of cardiac dysfunction, remodeling, and inflammation induced by Ang II. In conclusion, our study identifies that KLF15 in cardiac fibroblasts negatively regulates axis-mediated inflammatory response and subsequent cardiac remodeling in hypertension.