Soetan Rosemary O, Obiyan Mary O
Department of Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Nigeria.
Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Nigeria.
Front Sociol. 2019 Jul 4;4:49. doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2019.00049. eCollection 2019.
Prior studies have assessed economic/instrumental dimensions of women's empowerment relative to its agency dimensions. This study assessed ever-married women's participation in the labor market as a form of agency for empowerment and household decision-making in Nigeria. The study utilizes secondary data from three national surveys of Nigeria's 2003, 2008, and 2013 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) to assess the differences and relationship between indices and the status of women's labor market participation and their empowerment or household decision-making over an 11-year period. Explanatory variables adopted were age group, religion, employment status, educational level, household wealth index, and region. Binomial logistic regression was used to predict the proxy variables of women's empowerment from the explanatory variables. Findings showed that women's access to paid employment, educational status, and the household wealth index improved their participation in household decision-making. However, the single factor that consistently increased the likelihood of an ever-married woman to be involved in all forms of household decision-making from 2008 to 2013 was household wealth. Also, religion affected the ability of ever-married women to participate in household decision-making. The ability of Muslim women to participate in all forms of decision-making decreased from 2008 to 2013. The study concluded that the factors that enhance household wealth will enhance married women's ability to be involved in household decision-making. Education of women is, however, a significant contribution to enhancing the balance of inequity between men and women in household decision-making. The attenuating effect of Islam on this prospect needs further investigation and interventions for married women living in Northern Nigeria.
先前的研究评估了妇女赋权在经济/工具层面相对于其能动性层面的情况。本研究评估了在尼日利亚，曾婚妇女参与劳动力市场作为一种赋权形式以及家庭决策的情况。该研究利用了来自尼日利亚2003年、2008年和2013年人口与健康调查（DHS）这三项全国性调查的二手数据，以评估在11年期间各项指标与妇女劳动力市场参与状况及其赋权或家庭决策之间的差异和关系。采用的解释变量包括年龄组、宗教、就业状况、教育水平、家庭财富指数和地区。使用二项逻辑回归从解释变量预测妇女赋权的代理变量。研究结果表明，妇女获得有偿就业、教育状况和家庭财富指数改善了她们在家庭决策中的参与度。然而，在2008年至2013年期间，始终增加曾婚妇女参与各种形式家庭决策可能性的单一因素是家庭财富。此外，宗教影响了曾婚妇女参与家庭决策的能力。从2008年到2013年，穆斯林妇女参与各种决策形式的能力有所下降。该研究得出结论，增加家庭财富的因素将提高已婚妇女参与家庭决策的能力。然而，妇女教育对于改善家庭决策中男女之间的不平等平衡具有重要作用。伊斯兰教对这一前景的削弱作用需要对生活在尼日利亚北部的已婚妇女进行进一步调查和干预。
