Fumagalli Andrea, Morini Cristina
Department of Economics and Management, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Effimera.org, Milan, Italy.
Front Sociol. 2020 Apr 30;5:24. doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2020.00024. eCollection 2020.
In this essay, we intend to analyze the process of accumulation of contemporary capitalism, in which the regime of valorization derive from the notion of "common" a "results of social production that are necessary for social interaction and further production, such as knowledges, languages, information affect, and so forth" (Hardt and Negri, 2009) and from its expropriation. When we deal with the concept of "common," the reference is made to a heterogeneous category. In this text we refer to two modalities of expression of the "common:" the digital common (section network value) and the common of social reproduction (section social reproduction value or the economy of the interiority and anthropomorphic capital). Regarding the first case study, the concept of "network value" is investigated and defined as a product of individual life in a relational context increasingly controlled and subsumed by the social media and big data industry. Regarding the second, we discuss how the activity of social reproduction of individuals is today central in the process of accumulation of the economy. "Social reproduction" is a useful concept to investigate what we call the "anthropomorphic capital," that is the capacity by the contemporary labor organizations to capture and make productive the essence of today's life and its complexity. In short, it transpires better and better how all activities are productive, i.e., accumulation generators. We observe the apparent paradox of a generalization of surplus value in the era of the decline of waged employment and with it a tension of capital contemporary to the general mortification of living labor. In fact, we note how capital claims to transform the human being into capital itself, explicitly assuming the whole of human existence as a field from which accumulation can be generated (human being, enterprise or human capital). This is what, at this point, we call anthropomorphic capital or the economy of interiority. In the last section, we report some results of an empirical research "Commonfare-Pie News," able to underline how life is more and more subsumed to the logic of capitalistic valorization, to the point that today we can speak not only of the subsumption of labor to capital but of a real life subsumption.
在本文中，我们打算分析当代资本主义的积累过程，在这个过程中，增殖 regime 源自“共同物”的概念，即“对于社会互动和进一步生产而言必要的社会生产成果，如知识、语言、信息效应等”（哈特和奈格里，2009 年）及其被剥夺。当我们探讨“共同物”的概念时，所指的是一个异质的范畴。在本文中，我们提及“共同物”的两种表达形式：数字共同物（网络价值部分）和社会再生产的共同物（社会再生产价值部分或内在性与拟人化资本的经济）。关于第一个案例研究，“网络价值”的概念被加以考察，并被定义为个体生活在一个日益受到社交媒体和大数据产业控制与吸纳的关系背景下的产物。关于第二个案例研究，我们讨论个体的社会再生产活动如今在经济积累过程中如何处于核心地位。“社会再生产”是一个有用的概念，可用于探究我们所谓的“拟人化资本”，即当代劳动组织捕捉并使当今生活的本质及其复杂性具有生产力的能力。简而言之，越来越明显的是，所有活动都是生产性的，即积累的产生者。我们观察到在工资雇佣制衰落的时代，剩余价值普遍化的明显悖论，以及与之相伴的资本与活劳动普遍贫困化同时存在的紧张关系。事实上，我们注意到资本宣称要将人转化为资本本身，明确将整个人类存在视为一个可从中产生积累的领域（人、企业或人力资本）。这就是此刻我们所说的拟人化资本或内在性经济。在最后一部分，我们报告了一项实证研究“共同福利 - 派新闻”的一些结果，这些结果能够凸显生活如何越来越多地被纳入资本主义增殖的逻辑之中，以至于如今我们不仅可以谈及劳动对资本的纳入，而且可以谈及真实生活的纳入。
