Trémon Anne-Christine
Laboratoire d'anthropologie culturelle et sociale, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland, Centre Chine -Corée -Japon, École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, France.
Dialect Anthropol. 2023;47(3):253-273. doi: 10.1007/s10624-022-09682-5. Epub 2023 Jan 11.
Based on fieldwork in an urbanized village of Shenzhen, this paper analyzes the place of schools in the reproduction of Chinese state capitalism. It retraces the circuit of socialized capital that allows for the social reproduction of the native elite and the exclusion of many migrant workers in the context of Shenzhen's development as a special economic zone and its efforts to upgrade the economy. The native villagers, now forming an urban upper-class of rentiers, have capitalized on their overseas connections and capital accumulation to finance their school, allowing for their elite's upward social mobility after, but also already under Mao. After China's transition to capitalism, this school has served as an asset in generating value in the context of redevelopment and the real estate-driven upgrading of Shenzhen's economy. Property ownership is now a major criterion in points-based systems for accessing school places. I make two interrelated arguments. First, there is a closer relationship between the secondary circuit of socialized capital and the larger circuit of capital than what the literature on social reproduction implies. Second, the conditionality of quality education upon value generation amounts to separating the population deemed worthy of socialized reproduction and the surplus population that is left out. The paper connects diverse strands of social reproduction theory, Althusser's interpellation and ideological state apparatuses, feminist agentive social reproduction theories, and Bourdieu's capital conversion recuperated within a Marxian framework, to provide an integrated approach to social reproduction within capitalism.
基于对深圳一个城中村的实地调查，本文分析了学校在中国国家资本主义再生产中的地位。它追溯了社会化资本的循环，这种循环使得本土精英能够进行社会再生产，并在深圳作为经济特区发展及其经济升级努力的背景下，将许多农民工排除在外。如今形成城市食利阶层上层的本地村民，利用他们的海外关系和资本积累为他们的学校提供资金，这使得他们的精英在毛泽东时代之后，甚至在毛泽东时代就已经实现了向上的社会流动。中国向资本主义转型后，这所学校在深圳经济的再开发和房地产驱动的升级背景下，成为了创造价值的一项资产。房产所有权如今是基于积分制获取学位的一项主要标准。我提出两个相互关联的观点。第一，社会化资本的次级循环与更大的资本循环之间的关系，比社会再生产文献所暗示的更为紧密。第二，优质教育对价值创造的条件性，相当于将被认为值得进行社会再生产的人口与被排除在外的过剩人口区分开来。本文将社会再生产理论的不同脉络、阿尔都塞的质询和意识形态国家机器、女性主义能动社会再生产理论，以及在马克思主义框架内重新阐释的布迪厄的资本转换联系起来，以提供一种资本主义内部社会再生产的综合研究方法。
