Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL, Canada.
Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2249:167-177. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1138-8_9.
Matching is a strategy that can be used to control for confounding at the design stage of observational studies that examine exposure outcome relationships. In case-control studies, matching can be used to generate subsamples of case and control units that are similar with respect to one or more confounders. In cohort studies, matching can balance confounder(s) so that they are the same in exposed and unexposed groups. Matching methods have been extended to include multivariable approaches, the most common being propensity score matching in observation studies of interventions. This chapter describes the major principles of matching applied to case-control, cohort, and propensity score studies. Matched study designs provide several advantages for controlling confounding in observational studies; however, they remain vulnerable to residual confounding, and can even introduce bias when implemented incorrectly.
匹配是一种策略，可以用于控制观察性研究中设计阶段的混杂因素，这些研究旨在研究暴露与结果的关系。在病例对照研究中，可以使用匹配来生成病例和对照单位的亚样本，这些亚样本在一个或多个混杂因素方面是相似的。在队列研究中，可以通过匹配来平衡混杂因素，以使暴露组和未暴露组中的混杂因素相同。匹配方法已经扩展到包括多变量方法，最常见的是干预措施观察研究中的倾向评分匹配。本章描述了应用于病例对照、队列和倾向评分研究的主要匹配原则。匹配研究设计为控制观察性研究中的混杂因素提供了几个优势；然而，它们仍然容易受到残余混杂因素的影响，并且在不正确实施时甚至可能引入偏差。
