Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), N29A, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Malaysia; School of Chemical and Energy Engineering (SCEE), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Malaysia.
Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), N29A, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Malaysia; School of Chemical and Energy Engineering (SCEE), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Malaysia.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Jul 15;290:112565. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112565. Epub 2021 Apr 16.
The vast amount of oily wastewater released to the environment through industrialization has worsened the water quality in recent years, posing adverse impacts on general human health. Oil emulsified in water is one of the most difficult mixtures to be treated, making it imperative for new technology to be explored to address this issue. The use of conventional water treatment such as flotation, coagulation, precipitation, adsorption, and chemical treatment have low separation efficiencies and high energy costs, and are not applicable to the separation of oil/water emulsions. Therefore, there is a demand for more efficient methods and materials for the separations of immiscible oil/water mixtures and emulsions. Superwetting materials that can repel oil, while letting water pass through have been widely explored to fit into this concern. These materials usually make use of simultaneous hydrophilic/oleophobic mechanisms to allow a solid surface to separate oily emulsion with little to no use of energy. Also, by integrating specific wettability concepts with appropriate pore scale, solid surfaces may achieve separation of multifarious oil/water mixtures namely immiscible oil/water blends and consolidated emulsions. In this review, materials used to impart superwetting in solid surfaces by focusing on superhydrophilic/superoleophobic wetting properties of the materials categorized into fluorinated and non-fluorinated surface modification are summarized. In each material, its background, mechanism, fabricating processes, and their effects on solid surface's wetting capability are elaborated in detail. The materials reviewed in this paper are mainly organic and green, suggesting the alternative material to replace the fluorine group that is widely used to achieve oleophobicity in oily wastewater treatment.
工业化过程中排放到环境中的大量含油废水近年来使水质恶化，对人类健康造成不利影响。乳化在水中的油是最难处理的混合物之一，因此必须探索新技术来解决这个问题。传统的水处理方法，如浮选、混凝、沉淀、吸附和化学处理，分离效率低，能源成本高，不适用于油水乳液的分离。因此，人们需要更有效的方法和材料来分离不混溶的油水混合物和乳液。超润湿材料可以排斥油，同时让水通过，因此被广泛探索来满足这一需求。这些材料通常利用同时亲水/疏油的机制，使固体表面能够分离油性乳液，几乎不需要能源。此外，通过将特定的润湿性概念与适当的孔径相结合，固体表面可以实现多种油/水混合物的分离，即不混溶的油水混合物和固乳化液。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了通过赋予固体表面超润湿性能来实现超亲水/超疏油性的材料，这些材料被归类为含氟和不含氟的表面改性。在每种材料中，详细阐述了其背景、机制、制造工艺以及对固体表面润湿性的影响。本文综述的材料主要是有机和绿色的，这为替代广泛用于含油废水处理的氟基团提供了另一种选择。
