Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University.
Department of Psychology, Northeastern Illinois University.
Cogn Sci. 2021 Apr;45(4):e12966. doi: 10.1111/cogs.12966.
Cognitive reflection is the tendency to override an intuitive response so as to engage in the reflection necessary to derive a correct response. Here, we examine the emergence of cognitive reflection in a culture that values nonanalytic thinking styles, Chinese culture. We administered a child-friendly version of the cognitive reflection test, the CRT-D, to 130 adults and 111 school-age children in China and compared performance on the CRT-D to several measures of rational thinking (belief bias syllogisms, base rate sensitivity, denominator neglect, and other-side thinking) and normative thinking dispositions (actively open-minded thinking and need for cognition). The CRT-D was a significant predictor of rational thinking and normative thinking dispositions in both children and adults, as previously found in American samples. Adults' performance on the CRT-D correlated with their performance on the original CRT, and children's performance on the CRT-D predicted rational thinking and normative thinking dispositions even after adjusting for age. These results demonstrate that cognitive reflection, rational thinking, and normative thinking dispositions converge even in a culture that emphasizes holistic, nonanalytic reasoning.
认知反射是指为了得出正确的答案而抑制直觉反应，转而进行必要的反思的倾向。在这里，我们考察了在一个重视非分析性思维方式的文化——中国文化中，认知反射的出现。我们向 130 名成年人和 111 名学龄儿童发放了儿童友好版认知反射测验（CRT-D），并将 CRT-D 的表现与几项理性思维（信念偏差三段论、基本比率敏感性、分母忽视和换位思考）和规范性思维倾向（积极开放思维和认知需求）的衡量标准进行了比较。在儿童和成人中，CRT-D 是理性思维和规范性思维倾向的重要预测指标，这与在美国样本中发现的结果一致。成年人在 CRT-D 上的表现与他们在原始 CRT 上的表现相关，而即使在考虑到年龄因素后，儿童在 CRT-D 上的表现也可以预测理性思维和规范性思维倾向。这些结果表明，认知反射、理性思维和规范性思维倾向即使在强调整体、非分析性推理的文化中也是一致的。
