Fernández M C, Rodríguez-García M I
Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Prof. Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
New Phytol. 1988 Jan;108(1):91-99. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1988.tb00208.x.
The ontogeny of the olive pollen grain (Olea europaea L.) wall is related to the structural changes which take place during the various stages of pollen grain development. The tetrad stage sees the deposition of the primexine, with probacules forming by deposition of material adjacent to the plasmalemma. Endexine development commences subsequently. The bacules and foot-layer are formed mainly from dense material found within the special callose wall. By the young free microspore stage the definitive structure of the exine has been determined. Throughout development microchannel-like structures are present in both bacules and the foot-layer. An electron-lucent zone appears between the plasmalemma and the endexine. This is the future site of intine deposition which occurs during the vacuolated microspore stage before postmeiotic mitosis. A fibrillar layer lines the arcade spaces of the exine. Between this stratum and the exine lies a thin layer of polysaccharides probably representing the remains of the primexine or glycocalyx. In the mature pollen grain the exine arcades contain numerous lipid drops (or pollenkitt), originating from the degenerating tapetum.
油橄榄花粉粒（油橄榄）壁的个体发育与花粉粒发育各个阶段发生的结构变化相关。四分体阶段可见初生外壁的沉积，原基棒由紧邻质膜的物质沉积形成。内壁发育随后开始。棒和基足层主要由特殊胼胝质壁内发现的致密物质形成。到游离小孢子幼龄阶段，外壁的最终结构已确定。在整个发育过程中，棒和基足层中均存在微通道样结构。质膜和内壁之间出现一个电子透明区。这是在减数分裂后有丝分裂之前的液泡化小孢子阶段发生的内壁沉积的未来部位。一层纤维状层排列在外壁的拱腔内。在这一层与外壁之间有一层薄的多糖层，可能代表初生外壁或糖萼的残余物。在成熟花粉粒中，外壁拱腔含有大量脂滴（或花粉覆盖物），起源于退化的绒毡层。
