Wellburn Alan R
Institute of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LAI 4YQ, UK.
New Phytol. 1990 Jul;115(3):395-429. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00467.x.
Atmospheric pollution by the oxides of nitrogen, NO and NO , can cause reductions in growth but rarely visible injury. This review considers their uptake into foliage, as well as their subsequent metabolism and physiology, and attempts to explain why these gases are often phytotoxic. The combined stresses of resisting cellular acidification, enhanced levels of nitrite (and ammonia), and the direct interference of the free radical ('N=O) with critical enzymes, reaction centres and regulatory mechanisms are thought to be the main reasons why oxides of nitrogen, especially NO, inhibit growth. If other air pollutants such as SO are also present with NO or NO then free radical-induced injury, similar to that caused by O alone, also occurs. CONTENTS Summary 395 I. Introduction 396 II. Uptake and cycling of oxides of nitrogen 396 III. Biochemical responses to NO and NO 405 IV. Physiological responses to NO and NO 410 V. Combinations of NO and NO with other pollutants 416 VI. Recapitulation and beyond 418 Acknowledgements 420 References 420.
氮氧化物（NO和NO ）造成的大气污染会导致植物生长减缓，但很少造成可见损伤。本综述探讨了这些污染物进入叶片的过程，以及随后的代谢和生理过程，并试图解释为什么这些气体往往具有植物毒性。人们认为，抵抗细胞酸化、亚硝酸盐（和氨）水平升高以及自由基（‘N=O）对关键酶、反应中心和调节机制的直接干扰等综合压力是氮氧化物，尤其是NO抑制生长的主要原因。如果其他空气污染物如SO 也与NO或NO 同时存在，那么类似于单独由O 造成的自由基诱导损伤也会发生。目录摘要395一、引言396二、氮氧化物的吸收与循环396三、对NO和NO 的生化反应405四、对NO和NO 的生理反应410五、NO和NO 与其他污染物的组合416六、总结与展望418致谢420参考文献420 。
