Durall D M, Todd A W, Trappe J M
Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
New Phytol. 1994 Aug;127(4):725-729. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb02976.x.
Ectomycorrhizas of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco were synthesized in pure culture with Cenococcum geophilum Fr., Laccaria bicolor (Maire) Orton, Rhizopogon vinicolor Smith, or Suillus lakei (Murr.) Smith and Thiers. The mycorrhizal plants were grown in sterile vessels with peat/vermiculite plus C labelled hemicellulose, cellulose, Douglas fir needles, or humic polymers as an organic substrate. The sum of the C respired and that found in the seedling after 240 d of growth was used to quantify decomposition of the labelled substrates. All mycobionts released at least 20-30% of the C in hemicellulose and all were able to release C from cellulose and needles, escept L. buolttr, which failed to release C from needles. S. lakei released the largest amount of C from cellulose. C. geophilum, S. lakei and R. filticolor released similar amounts of C from needles. Generally, substrates could be ranked in terms of ease of breakdown by the ectomycorrhizal fungi as follows: humic polymers < needles < cellulose < hemicellulose.
用纯培养法使花旗松（Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco）的外生菌根与土生空团菌（Cenococcum geophilum Fr.）、双色蜡蘑（Laccaria bicolor (Maire) Orton）、酒红须腹菌（Rhizopogon vinicolor Smith）或莱氏滑锈伞（Suillus lakei (Murr.) Smith and Thiers）形成共生体。菌根植物在无菌容器中生长，以泥炭/蛭石加¹⁴C标记的半纤维素、纤维素、花旗松针叶或腐殖聚合物作为有机基质。生长240天后，将¹⁴C的呼吸释放量与幼苗中¹⁴C的含量之和用于量化标记底物的分解情况。所有的菌根真菌释放出半纤维素中至少20 - 30%的¹⁴C，并且都能够从纤维素和针叶中释放¹⁴C，但双色蜡蘑除外，它不能从针叶中释放¹⁴C。莱氏滑锈伞从纤维素中释放的¹⁴C量最大。土生空团菌、莱氏滑锈伞和酒红须腹菌从针叶中释放的¹⁴C量相似。一般来说，外生菌根真菌分解底物的难易程度可按以下顺序排列：腐殖聚合物＜针叶＜纤维素＜半纤维素。
