Pyke Kevin
Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO1 5DD, UK.
New Phytol. 1994 Sep;128(1):19-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb03982.x.
In the last decade, the weed Arabidopsis thaliana has come to prominence as a major new model system for investigating genetic and molecular aspects of developmental plant morphology. Extensive genetic and molecular information about the Arabidopsis genome, facilitated by international collaborations and the production of novel mutagenic systems, has enabled a vast array of mutants to be identified, most of which reveal nuclear genes that control different aspects of plant developmental processes. An ever increasing number of these newly identified genes have been isolated and within the next few years an overall view of the molecular control of plant development is likely to emerge. Particularly prevalent amongst these Arabidopsis mutants are those which alter morphogenic processes cither by changes in differentiation patterns of specific cell types, homeotic conversion of entire structures or abnormal patterns of cell division. Mutants in the control of morphogenesis of most parts of the Arabidopsis plant have been identified and characterized. The most abundant classes are in embryogenesis including seedling pattern formation, root morphogenesis, floral morphology (including pollen and anther formation) and mutunts affecting shoot apical inenstern morphology. The first genes to be isolated from morphological mutants have been identified as transcription factors capable of controlling expression of other gene classes as part of a hierarchy of gene control. The relative ease with which many interesting and potentially important genes in morphogenesis have been revealed by identificatic.n of mutants makes it highly likely that with the aid of Arabidopsis thatiana, an understanding of the extremely complex molecular basis of plant morphogenesis may at last be Hirbin reach. Contents Summary 19 I. Introduction 19 II. Why Arabidopsis? 20 III. The developing seed 22 IV. The root 25 V. The shoot apex 27 VI. The Leaf 28 VII. Whole plant morphology 30 VIII. Floral development 31 IX. Sub-cellular tnorphology 32 X. Discussion and future possihihties 32 XI. Acknowledgements 32 XII. References 34.
在过去十年中，杂草拟南芥已成为研究植物发育形态学遗传和分子方面的主要新模型系统。国际合作以及新型诱变系统的产生促进了关于拟南芥基因组的广泛遗传和分子信息的获取，这使得大量突变体得以被鉴定，其中大多数揭示了控制植物发育过程不同方面的核基因。越来越多这些新鉴定的基因已被分离出来，并且在未来几年内，植物发育分子控制的整体图景可能会浮现出来。在这些拟南芥突变体中，特别普遍的是那些通过特定细胞类型分化模式的改变、整个结构的同源异型转换或细胞分裂异常模式来改变形态发生过程的突变体。拟南芥植株大部分部位形态发生控制方面的突变体已被鉴定和表征。最丰富的类别存在于胚胎发生中，包括幼苗模式形成、根形态发生、花形态（包括花粉和花药形成）以及影响茎尖分生组织形态的突变体。从形态突变体中分离出的首批基因已被鉴定为转录因子，它们能够作为基因控制层级的一部分控制其他基因类别的表达。通过突变体鉴定揭示出许多形态发生中有趣且可能重要的基因，这相对较为容易，这使得借助拟南芥，最终有可能深入了解植物形态发生极其复杂的分子基础。内容摘要19 一、引言19 二、为何选择拟南芥？20 三、发育中的种子22 四、根25 五、茎尖27 六、叶28 七、整株植物形态30 八、花发育31 九、亚细胞形态学（原文此处有误，应为Sub-cellular morphology）32 十、讨论与未来可能性32 十一、致谢32 十二、参考文献34 。
