McALLISTER C B, Garcia-Romera I, Martin J, Godeas A, Ocampo J A
Dept. Ciencias Biologicas, 4° II Pabellon, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, C.S.I.C., Prof. Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain.
New Phytol. 1995 Feb;129(2):309-316. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1995.tb04301.x.
Percent germination and length of hyphae of germinated Glomus mosseae spores, cultivated on water agar, decreased significantly in the presence of Aspergillus niger; this decrease was independent of any change in pH of the medium. Soluble and volatile compounds produced by A. niger significantly decreased percentage spore germination and the hyphal length of G. mosseae on water agar. The decrease caused by volatile compounds was significantly greater when A. niger was grown on malt extract agar. Shoot dry weights of maize and lettuce plants cultivated in soil in pots, and percentage arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) root colonization of plants grown either in sand: vermiculite tubes inoculated with G. mosseae spores or in soil in pots with soil inoculum, were unaffected by A. niger when this saprobe was inoculated 2 wk after G. mosseae. Shoot dry weights and percentage AM colonization of plants decreased when the saprobic fungus was inoculated at the same time or 2 wk before G. mosseae. However, the metabolic activity resulting from AM colonization, measured as the percentage of mycelium showing succinate dehydrogenase activity, decreased in all treatments. The population of A. niger decreased when inoculated to the rhizosphere of plants at the same time as, or 2 wk after, G. mosseae, but not when it was inoculated 2 wk before G. mosseae. Our results show that G. mosseae decreases the saprobic fungal population through its effect on the plant, whereas A. niger, by the production of soluble or volatile substances, inhibits G. mosseae in its extramatrical stage.
在水琼脂培养基上培养的摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae）孢子的发芽率和发芽孢子的菌丝长度，在黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）存在的情况下显著降低；这种降低与培养基pH值的任何变化无关。黑曲霉产生的可溶性和挥发性化合物显著降低了水琼脂培养基上摩西球囊霉孢子的发芽率和菌丝长度。当黑曲霉在麦芽提取物琼脂上生长时，挥发性化合物引起的降低更为显著。在花盆土壤中种植的玉米和生菜植株的地上部干重，以及在接种摩西球囊霉孢子的砂：蛭石管中或接种土壤接种物的花盆土壤中生长的植株的丛枝菌根（AM）根定殖率，在摩西球囊霉接种2周后接种腐生菌黑曲霉时不受影响。当腐生真菌与摩西球囊霉同时接种或在其接种前2周接种时，植株的地上部干重和AM定殖率降低。然而，以显示琥珀酸脱氢酶活性的菌丝体百分比衡量的AM定殖所产生的代谢活性在所有处理中均降低。当与摩西球囊霉同时或在其接种后2周接种到植物根际时，黑曲霉的种群数量减少，但在摩西球囊霉接种前2周接种时则不会减少。我们的结果表明，摩西球囊霉通过对植物的影响降低了腐生真菌的种群数量，而黑曲霉通过产生可溶性或挥发性物质，在其根外阶段抑制了摩西球囊霉。
