Schuepp P H
Department of Renewable Resources, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
New Phytol. 1993 Nov;125(3):477-507. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03898.x.
Studies of heat and mass exchange between leaves and their local environment are central to our understanding of plant-atmosphere interactions. The transfer across aerodynamic leaf boundary layers is generally described by non-dimensional expressions which reflect largely empirical adaptations of engineering models derived for flat plates. This paper reviews studies on leaves, and leaf models with varying degrees of abstraction, in free and forced convection. It discusses implecations of finding for leaf morphology as it affects - and is affected by - the local microclimate. Predictions of transfer from many leaves in plant communities are complicated by physical and physiological feedback mechanisms between leaves and their environment. Some common approaches, and the current challenge of integrating leaf-atmosphere interactions into models of global relevance, are also briefly addressed. Contents Summary 477 I. Introduction 478 II. Early studies 479 III. The formal description of leaf transfer 480 IV. Effects of turbulence on idealized shapes 484 V. Effects of aspect ratio and inclination 486 VI. Leaves and leaf models in forced convection 491 VII. Leaves and leaf models in mixed and free convection 493 VIII. Interpretation of leaf shape 494 IX. Leaves in plant canopies 499 X. Synopsis and conclusions 502 References 502.
叶片与其局部环境之间的热量和质量交换研究是我们理解植物 - 大气相互作用的核心。通过无量纲表达式来描述穿过空气动力学叶片边界层的传输，这些表达式在很大程度上反映了从平板工程模型推导而来的经验性调整。本文综述了在自由对流和强制对流中对叶片以及具有不同抽象程度的叶片模型的研究。它讨论了研究结果对叶片形态的影响，因为叶片形态既影响局部微气候，又受其影响。植物群落中许多叶片的传输预测因叶片与其环境之间的物理和生理反馈机制而变得复杂。还简要介绍了一些常见方法以及当前将叶片 - 大气相互作用整合到具有全球相关性模型中的挑战。内容摘要477 一、引言478 二、早期研究479 三、叶片传输的形式描述480 四、湍流对理想化形状的影响484 五、纵横比和倾斜度的影响486 六、强制对流中的叶片和叶片模型491 七、混合对流和自由对流中的叶片和叶片模型493 八、叶片形状的解释494 九、植物冠层中的叶片499 十、综述与结论502 参考文献502 。
