Can locally developed me-too drugs aid price negotiation? An example of cancer therapies from China.

Rapid growth in pharmaceutical expenditures and high prices have greatly hampered access to medicines, especially targeted anticancer medicines. Confronted with such difficulties, the Chinese government has put more effort into supporting local research and development of cancer medicines, resulting in locally developed me-too drugs. Since 2016, the government has implemented a central reimbursement-linked drug price negotiation policy aimed at reducing the prices of expensive medicines. Locally developed me-too drugs marketed at lower prices may inject price competition and help negotiate reduced prices of similar internationally-developed products. As an example, we selected 3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) developed for the therapy of advanced non-small cell lung cancer harboring mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Descriptive analysis was applied to data from the Chinese Medical Economic Information database to describe the impact on the price and utilization of three TKIs after the introduction of icotinib, a locally developed me-too TKI and two national negotiations regarding the price of EGFR-TKIs in China. After two national negotiations, the daily costs of all three EGFR-TKIs were reduced to around $30. From the first quarter of 2013 to the second quarter of 2016, the market share of the purchasing volume of icotinib, China's locally developed TKI, increased from 13% to 40%, while the market shares of two internationally developed TKIs decreased from 35% to 15% and from 52% to 45%, for erlotinib and gefitinib, respectively. The prices of EGFR-TKIs decreased and China's locally developed TKI accounted for a considerable proportion of market share. Locally developed me-too drugs aid price negotiation by injecting price competition and helping negotiate reduced prices of similar internationally-developed products. Through efforts to develop me-too drugs, combined with national drug price negotiation and reimbursement policies, developing countries might improve access to more affordable targeted cancer therapies.