Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Brain. 2021 Jun 22;144(5):1351-1360. doi: 10.1093/brain/awab055.
Neuroimmune dysregulation is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. As the blood-brain barrier is the immunological interface between the brain and the periphery, we investigated whether this vascular phenotype is intrinsically compromised in the most common genetic risk factor for schizophrenia, the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDS). Blood-brain barrier like endothelium differentiated from human 22qDS+schizophrenia-induced pluripotent stem cells exhibited impaired barrier integrity, a phenotype substantiated in a mouse model of 22qDS. The proinflammatory intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was upregulated in 22qDS+schizophrenia-induced blood-brain barrier and in 22qDS mice, indicating compromise of the blood-brain barrier immune privilege. This immune imbalance resulted in increased migration/activation of leucocytes crossing the 22qDS+schizophrenia blood-brain barrier. We also found heightened astrocyte activation in murine 22qDS, suggesting that the blood-brain barrier promotes astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation. Finally, we substantiated these findings in post-mortem 22qDS brain tissue. Overall, the barrier-promoting and immune privilege properties of the 22qDS blood-brain barrier are compromised, and this might increase the risk for neuropsychiatric disease.
神经免疫失调与包括精神分裂症在内的神经精神疾病有关。由于血脑屏障是大脑和外周之间的免疫界面,我们研究了最常见的精神分裂症遗传风险因素——22q11.2 缺失综合征(22qDS)是否会导致这种血管表型内在受损。从携带 22qDS 的精神分裂症患者诱导多能干细胞分化而来的类血脑屏障内皮细胞表现出屏障完整性受损的表型,在 22qDS 小鼠模型中得到了证实。22qDS+精神分裂症诱导的血脑屏障和 22qDS 小鼠中细胞间黏附分子-1 的促炎表达上调,表明血脑屏障免疫特权受损。这种免疫失衡导致穿过 22qDS+精神分裂症血脑屏障的白细胞迁移/激活增加。我们还在 22qDS 小鼠中发现了星形胶质细胞激活增加,表明血脑屏障促进了星形胶质细胞介导的神经炎症。最后,我们在 22qDS 脑组织的尸检样本中证实了这些发现。总的来说,22qDS 血脑屏障的促屏障和免疫特权特性受损,这可能会增加神经精神疾病的风险。
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