Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Ecologia Molecular, Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza - ILACVN, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana - UNILA, Av. Tarquínio Joslin dos Santos, 1000, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-650, Brasil.
Departamento de Biologia estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
Genetica. 2021 Apr;149(2):103-116. doi: 10.1007/s10709-021-00118-6. Epub 2021 Apr 20.
In this study, we made an inventory of the stream and headwater ichthyofauna of the left bank of the Itaipu Dam Reservoir, located in the lower part of the Upper Paraná River basin, using an integrative approach of molecular and morphological data. The area is located in the western portion of the Paraná state in Brazil, in an area of about 8,000 km highly impacted by deforestation and intensive agriculture. For taxonomic identification of species, we used an identification key combined with the DNA barcoding approach. We found 48 species belonging to six orders, 13 families, and 37 genera. The Siluriformes and Characiformes were the most representative orders (75%) and the Characidae was the most representative family (20.8%). Nine species prevailed in this region, making up to 86% of all specimens collected. The integrative approach proved to be useful by allowing the unambiguous identification of all species, including those cases in which morphological characters were not conclusive for species identification, cases of cryptic species, and species with high morphological plasticity. In addition, the integrative approach highlighted six to 13 new putative species depending on the approach considered. Our study provides a relevant contribution to the knowledge of fish diversity in a poorly studied area of the Paraná River basin. We showed that the use of an integrative approach in inventory studies improves species identification and the discovery of new, cryptic, and overlooked species, being a powerful and necessary tool to quantify biodiversity.
在本研究中，我们采用分子和形态数据综合分析的方法，对位于上巴拉那河流域下游伊泰普大坝左岸的溪流和源头鱼类区系进行了编目。该地区位于巴西巴拉那州的西部，面积约 8000 平方公里，受森林砍伐和集约化农业的影响很大。为了对物种进行分类鉴定，我们使用了一个结合 DNA 条码方法的鉴定钥匙。我们发现了 48 种鱼类，隶属于 6 个目、13 科和 37 属。Siluriformes 和 Characiformes 是最具代表性的目（75%），而 Characidae 是最具代表性的科（20.8%）。有 9 种物种在该地区占优势，占所有采集标本的 86%。综合分析方法被证明是有用的，因为它可以明确识别所有物种，包括那些形态特征对物种鉴定没有结论的情况、隐种情况和形态可塑性高的物种。此外，根据所考虑的方法，综合分析方法突出了 6 到 13 种新的假定物种。本研究为了解上巴拉那河流域一个研究较少的地区的鱼类多样性提供了重要贡献。我们表明，在物种编目研究中使用综合分析方法可以提高物种鉴定和发现新的、隐生的和被忽视的物种的能力，是量化生物多样性的有力和必要工具。
