Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
Psicothema. 2021 May;33(2):177-187. doi: 10.7334/psicothema2021.33.
Terrorism remains one of the most serious global problems, affecting a very large number of people, a significant percentage of whom can suffer psychological disorders arising from a terrorist attack. The purpose of this article is to describe the current state of scientific knowledge about these psychological disorders and their treatment.
Systematic narrative or meta-analytical reviews of the scientific literature on the subject published between 2010 and 2020 were searched for in PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and PTSDpubs.
The search located 16 systematic reviews whose findings were analyzed, leading to ten conclusions about the most common psychological disorders and their progression, the type and percentage of victims who will be most affected by them, and the most effective and useful treatments for those disorders during the various phases following an attack.
After a terrorist attack, both direct and indirect victims will need short- and mid-term psychological care and follow up. Direct victims, the direct relatives of any deceased, and other victims significantly exposed to the attack or its consequences, will also need long- and very long-term care and follow up. Currently, trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapies are the treatment of choice for victims in the rescue, recovery, and return-to-life phases.
恐怖主义仍然是全球最严重的问题之一，影响了非常多的人，其中相当大的比例可能会因恐怖袭击而患上心理障碍。本文旨在描述关于这些心理障碍及其治疗的当前科学知识状况。
在 PsycINFO、MEDLINE 和 PTSDpubs 中搜索了 2010 年至 2020 年间发表的关于该主题的科学文献的系统叙述性或荟萃分析综述。
搜索结果找到了 16 篇系统综述，对其发现进行了分析，得出了关于最常见的心理障碍及其进展、受影响最大的受害者类型和百分比，以及在袭击发生后的各个阶段针对这些障碍最有效和最有用的治疗方法的十个结论。
在恐怖袭击之后，直接和间接受害者都将需要短期和中期的心理护理和随访。直接受害者、任何死者的直系亲属以及其他严重接触袭击或其后果的受害者，也将需要长期和非常长期的护理和随访。目前，创伤焦点认知行为疗法是救援、恢复和重返生活阶段受害者的首选治疗方法。
