Arnold Rachel, Wagstaff Christopher R D, Steadman Lauren, Pratt Yasmin
a Department for Health , University of Bath , Bath , UK.
b Department of Sport and Exercise Science , Portsmouth University , Portsmouth , UK.
J Sports Sci. 2017 Jun;35(12):1187-1196. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1214285. Epub 2016 Jul 29.
Organisational stressors have been found to be prevalent and problematic for sport performers, with research identifying demographic differences in the stressors encountered. Nevertheless, extant sport psychology research on the topic of stress has generally focused on able-bodied athletes; whilst that which has been conducted on performers with a disability has typically recruited relatively small samples to explore a narrow selection of organisational stressors, or examined other components of the stress process. The purpose of the present study was to explore the various organisational stressors that athletes with a disability encounter. The sample comprised 18 elite athletes with a disability (10 male, 8 female) who had a classified disability and experience of competing at a major championships in their sport (e.g., Paralympic Games, World Championships). Participants took part in a semi-structured interview which was analysed by drawing from grounded theory procedures. A total of 316 organisational stressors were identified, which were abstracted into 31 concepts and four, previously conceptualised, exploratory schemes: leadership and personnel issues, cultural and team issues, logistical and environmental issues, and performance and personal issues. This study not only provides the first illustration of the prevalence of organisational stressors for athletes with a disability, but also significantly points to salient similarities and distinct differences between the stress experiences of performers with and without a disability.
组织压力源已被发现对运动员来说普遍存在且成问题，研究表明在遇到的压力源方面存在人口统计学差异。然而，现有的关于压力主题的运动心理学研究通常集中在健全运动员身上；而针对残疾运动员进行的研究通常招募相对较小的样本，以探索有限的组织压力源选择，或研究压力过程的其他组成部分。本研究的目的是探讨残疾运动员遇到的各种组织压力源。样本包括18名残疾精英运动员（10名男性，8名女性），他们有分类残疾且有在其运动项目的重大锦标赛（如残奥会、世界锦标赛）中参赛的经历。参与者参加了一次半结构化访谈，并采用扎根理论程序进行分析。共识别出316个组织压力源，这些压力源被提炼为31个概念和四个先前概念化的探索性方案：领导和人员问题、文化和团队问题、后勤和环境问题以及表现和个人问题。本研究不仅首次说明了残疾运动员组织压力源的普遍性，还显著指出了残疾和非残疾运动员压力经历之间的显著相似性和明显差异。
